Directspeechandindirectspeech引用别人的话有两种方式,一种是直接引用别人的原句,这叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人,并且不能用引号,这就是间接引语。shesaid:IlikeEnglishverymuch.直接引语直接引语形成步骤:只需将原话放在引号之中,不做任何改动。没有时态呼应问题引用原话前可以用逗号,也可以用冒号引号内直接引语的第一个单词的第一个字母要大写间接引语Hesaid:Iamnotyourfriend.直接引语Hesaidthathewasnotmyfriend.间接引语间接引语形成步骤:不要逗号,冒号,引号要考虑人称的变化(与汉语一致)要考虑时态变化要考虑时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化1.时态的变化如果主句的时态事现在的时态(一般现在时,现在进行时,现在完成时)或将来时,间接引语中的时态不变。如果主句的时态是过去的时态(主句是过去时),间接引语中的时态要变为相应的过去时态。请看下表所表示的变化:直接引语中的时态变为间接引语中的时态一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时,现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时shallshouldshouldshouldwillwouldmaymightmightmightcancouldcouldcouldHesaid,youryoungbrotherbrokeit.一般过去时Hesaidthatmyyoungbrotherhadbrokenit.过去完成时Hesaid:IhavelivedinBeijingsince1950.现在完成时HesaidthathehadlivedinBeijingsince1950.过去完成时2.时间状语、地点状语和指示代词的变化now→then;today→thatday;tonight→thatnight;thisweek(month,year)→thatweek(month,year);twodays(years)ago→twodays(years)before;thedaybeforeyesterday→twodaysbefore;yesterday→thedaybefore;lastweek(month,year)→theweek(month,year)before;tomorrow→thenextday;nextweek(month,year)→thenextweek(month,year)3.引用的句子是陈述句和疑问句时此时间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句,当然更需要注意人称及状语的变化。shesaidtome,IlikeEnglishverymuch.shesaid(that)shelikedEnglishverymuch.Mikeaskedme,Whentheirplanewouldland?Mikeaskedmewhentheirplanewouldland.3.引用的句子是祈使句此时间接引语改用不定式表示主句动词根据原意可以用ask,want,tell,order,promise……表示,而原祈使句改为不定式。Thecommanderordered:Keepsilent!Thecommanderorderedthesoldierstokeepsilent.Theteachersaid:Don'tbelateagain.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottobelateagain.4.引用的句子是感叹句可以仍然使用How,what等词,语序不变,也可使用that把他变成宾语从句.主要动词say可改为cry,shout.感叹句变为间接引语时,可以加上适当的修饰词,如withdelight(高兴),withasigh(叹息)等wesaid,whataclevermonkeyitis!wesaidwhataclevermonkeyitwas.=wesaidthatitwasaclevermonkey.5.间接引语和直接引语注意事项1.间接引语中时态仍不改变的情况有时主句的动词是过去的时态,但间接引语中的时态仍不变(1)表示一般真理,间接引语时态不变(用一般现在时)Heasked;whichstaristhebiggest?Heaskedwhichstaristhebiggest.(2)强调动作或状态现在仍然存在时JustnowJohnsaid:Mysonisilltoday.Johntoldmejustnowthathissonisilltoday.(3).如果直接引语中一般过去时与表示过去特定时间的状语连用时,间接引语的时态不变。LiMingsaid:Iwasbornin1946andjoinedthearmyin1966.LiMingsaidthathewasbornin1946andjoinedthearmyin1966.人称的变化(口诀)“一主,二宾,三不变”。(“一”指从句的第一人称,“主”是指主句的主语,在变为间接引语时,从句的第一人称与主句的主语要一致,“二”指从句的第二人称,“宾”是指主句的宾语,在变为间接引语时,从句的第二人称与主句的宾语要一致,“三”指从句的第三人称,在变为间接引语时不变)。如:“Ilikethesebetterthanshedoes,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathelikedthosebetterthanshedid.主句动词的使用用间接引语时,主句动词除了使用say,tell,ask外,只要意思上允许,尽可能用别的动词,如:admit,agree,greet,reply,request,order,wonderpromise,explain,declare声明否定的一般疑问句的变化把否定的一般疑问句变为间接引语时,用whether……ornotHesaid:Don'tyouknowI'moneofyou?Heaskeduswhetherweknowhewasoneofusornot.wouldyouplease……如何变为间接引语只要把人称做相应变化,同时把would和please去掉即可。如:主语+ask+宾语+不定式wouldyouliketohavelunchwithmetomorrow?heasked.Heaskedmetohavelunchwithhimthenextday.练一练一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语,每空一词:1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.1.he,was。在直接引语变为间接引语时,代词I要变为he;主句为过去时态,宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个,即现在进行时amhaving变为过去进行时washaving。2.told,had,seen。直接引语中的saidtosb在变为间接引语时应改为toldsb;现在完成时haveseen改为过去完成时hadseen。3.she,had,gone。直接引语变为间接引语时,人称代词I应变为she;一般过去时went改为过去完成时hadgone。4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.4.is。直接引语变为间接引语时,若直接引语为客观真理,则变为间接引语时时态不变。5.had,before。直接引语是一般过去时met,变为间接引语时应改为过去完成时hadmet;时间状语yesterday应改为thedaybefore(from)。6.had,there。如直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must,变为间接引语时用hadto;地点状语here相应地改为there。二、将直接引与改为间接引语1.Hesaid:“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”2.Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”3.ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4.Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5.Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit?”1.Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.3.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.4.Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.5.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.