6-全套美国文学精心整理的各个时期作家作品简介Washington-Irving

LectureSixWashingtonIrvingBy张慧[e-mail]•WashingtonIrving•BiographicalIntroduction•Irving’swritingcareer,majorworksandstyle•AppreciatingTheLegendofSleepyHollow•Irving’scontributionstoAmericanLiteratureWashingtonIrving(1783-1859)•Shortstorywriter•Essayist•Biographer•HistorianBiographicalIntroduction(1)•FamilyandEducationBackground–BornintoawealthyNewYorkmerchantfamilyastheyoungestofelevenchildren–Well-educated•studiedlawat16andledforatimetheleisurelylifeofalawyer•Readswidely,writesessaysandpoemsfromaveryearlyage•WorkingExperience–In1815,wenttoEuropetotakecareofhisfamilybusiness,whichturnedouttobeafailure–In1818,hestartedtowritetosupporthimselfandhisfamily–Spentseventeenyears(1815-1832)inBritain,France,Germany,Italy,andSpainBiographicalIntroduction(2)BiographicalIntroduction(3)–1826-1829,workingasdiplomaticattacheinSpain–1829-1831,workingassecretaryoftheUnitedStatesLegationinLondon–Exploredlocaltraditions,customs,andfolklore–Accumulatedlotsofmaterialforwriting公使大使•Lateyears–In1832,returnedtoAmerica–DeclinedanominationtoCongressandtorunfortheMayorofNewYork–MadehishomeatSunnysideontheHudsonRiveratTarrytown–Spenttherestofhislifeleisurelyandcomfortably•exceptforaperiodoffouryears(1842-1846)whenhewasawayfromhomeasMinistertoSpainBiographicalIntroduction(4)Irving’shomeatSunnysideIrving’swritingcareer•Majorphase:1809-1832conservative–drawinspirationsfromtheruinsandrelicsofEurope–wroteaboutsubjectseitherEnglishorEuropean•TheSketchBook(1819-1820)•Minorphase:1832-1859–ReturnedtoAmericaandinfluencedbythenewspiritofnationalism–WroteabouttheAmericanWest,“AmericanBooks”•ATouronthePrairies1835MajorWorksofWashingtonIrving•TheSketchBook(1819-1820)–RipVanWinkle–TheLegendofSleepyHollow•TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus(1828)•ATouronthePrairies(1835)•LifeofGoldsmith(1840)•LifeofGeorgeWashington(1855-1859)Irving’sWritingStyle•Beautiful–“Thestyleistheman”•Gentility,urbanity,pleasantness–Tone•avoidmoralizingasmuchaspossible•wrotetoamuseandentertain(humor)–Atmosphere•Simpleplotenvelopedinrichatmosphere–Characters•vividandtrue–Language•Polished,musicalandhumorousReadingP64.AppreciatingTheLegendofSleepyHollow•AGeneralIntroduction•Setting•Plot•Structure•MajorCharacters•Ending•Language•ThemeAGeneralIntroduction•Firstpublishedin1820asthelongesttaleinTheSketchBook•OneoftheearliestAmericanshortstoriesstillreadtoday•Hadbeenadaptedintofilmsformanytimes•TheAdventuresofIchabodandMr.Toad(1949)byWaltDisney•SleepyHollow(1999)byAmericanParamount•1999editionfilm•JohnnyDeppstarredIchabodCrane•Time–Thestoryissetaround1790•Place–intheDutchsettlementofTarryTown,NewYork–asecludedvalleycalledSleepyHollowSettingPlot•IttellsthestoryofIchabodCrane,alean,lanky,andextremelysuperstitiousschoolmasterfromConnecticut,whocompeteswithBromBones,thetownrowdy,forthehandof18-year-oldKatrinaVanTassel,thedaughterandsolechildofawealthyfarmer,BaltusVanTassel.IchabodandKatrinaLanguage(readingP70.)•Polished•Humorous•Vivid•Musical•Introduction:setting•Development•dramaticsituation(conflict)•Development(climax)•EndStructureMajorCharactersinTheLegendofSleepyHollow•IchabodCrane•BromVanBrunt•KatrinaVanTessel•HeadlessHorsemanIchabodCrane•Identity–aschoolteacherintheSleepyHollow,comingfromConnecticut(aNewEnglander)•Figure–Ridiculous:tallandexceedinglylank,clumsyandugly•Personality–Self-assertive–Timid–Greedy–Shrewd•Aninterloper–Standsforthedestructiveforceinvillagelife•Identity–AnativeintheSleepyHollow–AnadmirerofbeautifulKatrinaVanTessel•Figure–strongandstoutBromVanBrunt-BromBones(1)•Personality–Boisterous•“Alwaysreadyforeitherafightorafrolic”(81)–Mischievousbutinwardlygood•“Moremischiefthanill-willinhiscomposition”(81)–Roughbuthumorous•“over-bearingroughness”•“Strongdashofwaggishgoodhumoratbottom”(81)•CountryBumpkin:afrontiertypeBromVanBrunt-BromBones(2)•Daughterofarichfarmer•Young,beautiful,charming•desiredbyalmosteveryeligibleyoungmaninSleepyHollowKatrinaVanTesselHeadlessHorseman•Mysterious•Horrible•“Thread”ofthestoryEnding•ComedicandHappyending–unionandharmony–Marriage•notnecessarybutpowerfulexpressionofhappiness•harmony,peaceandhappiness–troublebegan–troublesolved–harmonyTheme•Mentryingtofindloveinthewrongplace•theclashbetweenthecityandthecountry,betweencivilizationandthewilderness.•AbundanceofResourcesinAmerica•ThelackofclassstructureinAmerica•…Irving’sContributionstoAmericanliterature•“FatheroftheAmericanliterature”•ThefirstgreatprosestylistofAmericanromanticism•Thefirstgreatbelletrist(writeforpleasure)•ThefirstAmericanwriterofimaginativeliteraturetogaininternationalfame•TheshortstoryasagenreinAmericanliteratureprobablybeganwithIrving’sTheSketchBook•TheSketchBookisbelievedasthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliteraturethatmarkedthebeginningofAmericanromanticism.Thanksforyourattention!