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引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一.直接引语（DirectSpeech）原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；二.间接引语（IndirectSpeech）用自己的话加以转述，间接引语相当于一个宾语从句。一．句式的变化•1.直接引语为陈述句•变为间接引语时，变成由that引导的宾语从句（that可以省略），同时人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语作相应变化。•引述动词：say、tell等•“I’lltelephonehimthisevening,”shesaidtome.•→Shetoldmethatshewouldtelephonehimthatevening.•2.直接引语为疑问句•变为间接引语时，必须用陈述句语气。•引述动词：ask、wonder、wanttoknow等•①一般疑问句和反义疑问句•需改为由if/whether引导的宾语从句•Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic？”•→Myteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic.•Heaskedme，“Youareinterestedincomputerstudies，aren’tyou？”•→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasinterestedincomputerstudies.•②选择疑问句•须用whether…or•IaskedSally，“Willyoustaywithmeorgobyyourselfonapicnic？”•→IaskedSallywhethershewouldstaywithmeorgobyherselfonapicnic.•③特殊疑问句•采用原疑问词作连接词来引导宾语从句•“Whatareyourparentsandwheredotheylive？”thepolicemanaskedme.•→Thepolicemanaskedmewhatmyparentswereandwheretheylived.•3.直接引语为祈使句•①将祈使句的谓语动词变成不定式，作宾语补足语•tell/ask/order/beg/requestsb.(not)todosth.•“Don’ttouchanything,”hesaid.•→Hetoldusnottotouchanything.•②表示建议的祈使句，需改成“suggest/advisethat…(should)….”结构•“Tryagainandseewhatwillhappen,”theteachersaid.•→Theteacheradvised/suggestedthatthey(should)tryagainandseewhatwillhappen.4.直接引语为感叹句变间接引语时可用what、how、that引导“Whatalovelydayitis!”theyallshouted.→Theyallshoutedwhatalovelydayitwas.→Theyallshoutedhowlovelyadayitwas.→Theyallshoutedthatitwasalovelyday.二．人称的变化•直接引语中的人称代词转化为间接引语时变化原则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。•TheytoldMary,“Wewillhelpyououtoftrouble.”•TheytoldMarythattheywillhelpheroutoftrouble.•Nancytoldherparents,“Tomisaniceboy.Healwayshelpothers.”•NancytoldherparentsthatTomwasaniceboyandhealwayshelpedothers.•Practice•Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogowithme.•HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?•Mr.Smithsaid:Jackisagoodworker。三．时态的变化1.时态变化的情况主句为过去的某种时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要发生变化Ninatoldme,“Lisaisstudyingabroad.”→NinatoldmethatLisawasstudyingabroad.Nellsaid,“Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem.”→Nellsaid(that)shehadworkedoutthatproblem.直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时cancouldmaymightmustmust/hadto2020/9/22Practice•Shesaid,“Wehopeso.”•Hesaidtome,“Imetyourfather.”•Shesaid，Ihavelostapen.•Shesaid,“Iwillgotoseehisfriend.”•2.时态不变的情况•①直接引语是客观真理•“Theearthmovesaroundthesun”,the•teachertoldme.•→Theteachertoldmetheearthmoves•aroundthesun.•②直接引语是过去进行时•Jacksaid,“John,wherewereyougoing•whenImetyouinthestreet？”•→JackaskedJohnwherehewasgoing•whenhemethiminthestreet.•③直接引语有确定的过去时间•Anniesaid,“Thestorytookplaceinthe1930s.”•→Anniesaidthatthestorytookplaceinthe1930s.•④引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动作or说话时情况仍在继续并对此加以强调。•Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”•→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.•Thereportersaid,“Thewarisnowstillon.”•→Thereportersaidthatthewarisnowstillon.•⑤直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时（oughtto/hadbetter/usedto）or已经是过去时的形式（could/should/would/might）•Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”•→Shesaidtheyshouldhelpeachother.四．指示代词的变化五．时间状语、地点状语、动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake时间状语直接引语间接引语nowthentodaythatdaythismorning/afternoon/eveningthatmorningyesterdaythedaybeforethepreviousdayyesterdaymorning/afternoon/eveningthemorningbeforetwodaysago/weeks/months/yearstwodaysbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforethedayaftertomorrowtwodayslaterlastnight/week/month/yearthenightbeforenextweek/month/yearthenextweekthefollowingweektomorrowthenextdaythefollowingday2020/9/22Practice1.Idon’tknowtheaddressofmynewsaidAnne.2.Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.3.Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou?mymotherasked.4.Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?5.Sheaskedme,Whendotheyhavetheirdinner?6.Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”7.Theteachersaid,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”8.Theteachersaid,“Iwasbornin1945.”9.Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”10.XiaoWangsaid.IwasbornonApril20,1980。11.Don’tmakeanynoise,shesaidtothechildren.12.Bringmeacupoftea,please,saidshe.13.Hesaid,Let’sgotothefilm.14.Thestudentsaskedwhentheywouldgooutingthatautumn.15.“Whydidn’tyoucametoschoolyesterday?theteacheraskedWangYing.16.Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Wearegoingtohaveameetingatthreeo’clock.”17.UncleWangtoldmetherewassomethingwrongbike.18.HesaidthathewantedtovisittheGreatWallandthathisfatherwouldgowithhimthen.