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HumanResourceManagementPersonnelManagementtoHumanResourceManagementRecognitionoftheneedtotakeamorestrategicapproachtothemanagementofpeopleBeganinthe1980’sintheUSAUKfollowedquicklyConceptis…‘astrategicapproachtoacquiring,developing,managingandgainingthecommitmentoftheorganisationskeyresource–thepeoplewhoworkforit’Armstrong1991FeaturesofHRMManagementfocussedandtopmanagementdrivenLinemanagementrolekeyEmphasisesstrategicfit–integrationwithbusinessstrategyCommitmentorientedTwoperspectives–‘hard’and‘soft’InvolvesstrongculturesandvaluesPerformanceorientedRequiresadoptionofacoherentapproachtomutuallysupportingemploymentpoliciesandpracticesEmployeerelationsorganicratherthanpluralisticOrganisingprinciplesareorganicanddecentralisedFlexibilityandteambuildingimportantpolicygoalsStrongemphasisonqualitytocustomersRewardsdifferentiatedbyskill,competenceorperformanceFeaturesofHRMFombrum,TichyandDevannaModel1984SelectionPerformanceAppraisalHRDRewardWarwickModelofHRMBusinessStrategyContextInnerContextHRMContentHRMContextOUTERCONTEXTWarwickModel–contentoftheboxesOutercontext–socio-economic,technical,politico-legal,competitiveInnercontext–culture,structure,politico-leadership,task-technology,businessoutputsBusinessstrategycontext–objectives,productmarket,strategyandtacticsHRMcontext-role,definition,organisation,HRoutputsHRMcontent–HRflows,worksystems,rewardsystems,employeerelationsTheHarvardModelStakeholderIssues:WorkforcecharacteristicsBusinessstrategy&conditionsManagementphilosophyUnionsTasktechnologyLaws&societalvaluesStakeholderInterests:ShareholdersManagementEmployeeGroupsGovernmentCommunityUnionsHRMPolicy:ChoiceEmployeeinfluenceRewardsystemsWorksystemsHumanresourceflowsHROutcomes:CommitmentCongruenceCompetenceCosteffectivenessLTconsequences:IndividualwellbeingOrganisationaleffectivenessSocietalwellbeingGuestModelDefinesfourpolicygoalsofHRMFurtherdevelopmentoftheHarvardmodelStrategicintegration–HRMintostrategicplans,inlinedecisions,withinHRpoliciesHighcommitment–strongidentificationwithcompanyHighquality–includingmanagementofpeopleFlexibility–functional,adaptablestructures,capabilitytoinnovateSoftHRMStresseshumanaspectEmphasisonHRDParticipationMotivationCommitmentLeadershipHUMANresourcemanagementHardHRMPeopleasaresourceUseddispassionatelyUsedincalculatingrationalmannerHeadcountHumanRESOURCEManagementCompetence-BasedHRMDefinitions:Theskills,knowledgeandexperiencethatanindividualbringstotheirroleIDS1997BasicpersonalcharacteristicsthataredeterminingfactorsforactingsuccessfullyinajoborsituationMcClelland1993Underlyingtraits,motives,skills,characteristicsandknowledgerelatedtosuperiorperformanceBoyatsis1982Ukv.USdefinitionsUS-inputoriented–whattheindividualbringstothejobUK-outputoriented–theskills,attitudesandknowledge,expressedinbehavioursforeffectivejobperformanceOneorboth?LevelsofInfluenceStrategicFunctionalSystemsIndividualImplicationsatStrategicLevelTheidentificationofcorecompetenciesoftheorganisationwhichconfersustainedcompetitiveadvantageOwnedbymorethanonepersonandgrowthroughuseandexperiencethereforedifficulttoimitateImplicationsfortheHumanResourceFunctionDevelopmanagerialcompetenceStrategicselectionandstaffingDevelopinternallabourmarketDesignjobsroundcapabilityDevelopindividualcompetenceDevelopculturetofosterinnovationBuildlearningorganisationDeveloporganisationallearningmechanismsImplicationsforHumanResourceSystemsVerticalintegration–linkindividualcompetencetothecorecompetenceoftheorganisationHorizontalintegration–provideaframeworkfortheintegrationofHRsystemscomponentsVitalplayerinthedevelopmentofcorecompetenciesCanbeusedtodevelopindividualHRsystemsRecruitmentandSelectionBasedonpastbehaviourasthemostvalidpredictoroffuturebehaviourBuildingthecompetenceframeworkrequiresmultipleinformationsourcesCompetencespecificationshouldcoverbothtechnicalandpersonal/interpersonalcompetenciesDevelopinterviewquestionsthatelicitexamplesofpastbehavioursInassessmentcentrescreatetasksthatrequiredemonstratedcompetenciesUsecompetenciestoselecttestinstrumentsUsecompetenciestoevaluatecandidateperformanceRecruitmentandSelectionAppraisalSetoutcomeandperformancetargetsforeachcompetenceOutcomelevelsandperformancetargetscanbegradedifdesired.e.gstandardperformance;abovestandard;excellentetcBelowstandardperformancecanbeusedtogeneratedevelopmentneedsCanprovideforumfortheidentificationofnew/changingcompetencerequirementsCanprovideforumforsettingacquisitionofcompetencetimescalesProvidesaclearandagreedframeworkforperformanceevaluationanddiscussionAppraisalDevelopmentProvidesaframeworkforindividualtrainingneedsNotransferproblemsascompetencecanonlybedemonstratedbyonthejobbehavioursDevelopmentcontributesdirectlytocurrentperformanceEncouragesabroadbasedapproachtodevelopmentactivitiesEnsureslinemanagercommitmenttodevelopmentOfferscommonlanguagetoallparticipantsinthedevelopmentprocessOfferstransparentprocesstoallstakeholdersFacilitatesvalidationandevaluationofthedevelopmentproce