大学英语三-Unit-Two-Fruitful-Questions

UnitTwodOutlineI.IntroductionII.Structure&TextAnalysisIII.UsefulExpressionsWhatcanyouseeinthepictures?1Whatiscreativity?•Creativeorinnovativethinkingisthekindofthinkingthatleadstonewinsights,novelapproaches,freshperspectives,wholenewwaysofunderstandingofthings.NewtonandtheappletreeLawofuniversalgravitation(万有引力定律)Heliocentric[.hi:liəu'sentrik]Theory日心说哥白尼EdwardJennerandcowpox牛痘ReubenMattusandHäagen-DazsIfyouloveher,takehertoHäagen-Dazs.Vanilla(香草)Chocolate(巧克力)Coffee(咖啡)Rumraisin(蓝姆葡萄)Strawberry(草莓)Cappuccino(意大利咖啡)Greentea(抹茶)Imaginationismoreimportantthanknowledge.-------EinsteinConclusion：IConclusion•Somethingattempted,somethingdone.-----H.W.Longfellow,AmericanPoet有所尝试才有所作为。Conclusion：IITextStructurePartI(Para.1-5)PartII(Para.6-8)PartIII(Para.9-12)PartIV(Para.13)Theauthor’schildrenteachhimaboutparadigmshifts,andlimitationsoflinearthinkingandhowtorefocusparametersThreeexamplesofshiftingoldparadigmsinhistory.Theimportanceofshiftingoldparadigms.Theauthorencouragespeopletolookatinformationinanewway.QuestionsforPartI1.Whatweretheauthorandhischildrenplayingthatnight?2.What’sthemeaningofthegame?3.Whatweretheanswersofhisthreechildrentohisquestion?1.Whatweretheauthorandhischildrenplayingthatnight?“WhatDoesn’tBelong?”basedontheSesameStreetgame.2.What’sthemeaningofthegame?Itmeanswherekidslookatthreepicturesandchoosetheonethatdoesn’tbelongtotheothertwo.6yearoldchild9yearoldchild4yearoldchildDifferentanswersofthechildrenTomatobecausetheothertwoarefruitsTherightanswerisstrawberrybecausetheothertwoareroundandastrawberryisn’tIt’stheorangebecausetheothertwoareredItcouldalsobetheorangebecausetheothertwogrowonvines.Itcouldbethestrawberrybecauseit’stheonlyoneyouputonicecream.”Theothernightatthedinnertable,mythreekids—ages9,6and4—tooktimeoutfromtheirfoodfighttoteachmeaboutparadigmshifts,andlimitationsoflinearthinkingandhowtorefocusparameters.•Here’showithappened:WewereplayingourownoralversionoftheSesameStreetgame,“WhatDoesn’tBelong?,”wherekidslookatthreepicturesandchoosetheonethatdoesn’tfit.Isaid,“OK,whatdoesn’tbelong,anorange,atomatoorastrawberry?”Paradigmshiftisamajorchangeintheusualwayofthinkingaboutsomething.paradigmshift模式改变Linearthinkingreferstothetraditionallogicalapproachtoproblemthinking.Linearthinking直线思维Linearthinkingisoftencontrastedwithlateralthinking.Lateralthinkingisawayofsolvingproblemsthatencouragestheuseofmoreunconventionalandcreativemeans.Torefocusparametersmeanstolookatcertainthingsthatwerepreviouslyignored.refocusparameters重新审视相关因素Lateralthinking横向思维shift:1)n.achangeinthewaypeoplethinkaboutsomething,inthewaysomethingisdone,etc.Therehasbeenashiftinclothes’fashion.2)v.movefromoneplaceorpositiontoanother,ormakesomethingdothis人们逐渐从乡村转向了城市。Peoplegraduallyshiftfromthecountrytothetown.Don’ttrytoshifttheresponsibilityontome.Collocation:shifttheblame/responsibilityonto(somebody)把责任推给（某人）shiftone’sground改变立场或方法•Theoldestdidn’ttakemorethanasecondtodeliverhissmuganswer:“Tomatobecausetheothertwoarefruits.”Iagreedthatthiswastherightanswerdespitethefactthatsomepuristsinsistatomatoisafruit.Tothoseofusforcedaskidstoeattheminsalads,tomatoeswillalwaysbevegetables.Iwasabouttothinkupanothersetofthreewhenmy4-year-oldsaid,“Therightanswerisstrawberrybecausetheothertwoareroundandastrawberryisn’t.”HowcouldIarguewiththat?•Thenmy6-year-oldsaid,“It’stheorangebecausetheothertwoarered.”Nottobeoutdonebyhisyoungersiblings,the9-year-oldsaid,“Itcouldalsobetheorangebecausetheothertwogrowonvines.”•Themiddleonetookthisasadirectchallenge.“Itcouldbethestrawberrybecauseit’stheonlyoneyouputonicecream.”他的脸上露出自鸣得意的微笑。Asmugsmilerevealsonhisface.smug:adj.toopleasedwithorproudofoneself,one’sachivements,etc;self-satisfied沾沾自喜的；自满的；自鸣得意的smugoptimism自鸣得意的乐观态度smuganswersmugsmile自鸣得意的微笑outdo:v.bebetterormoresuccessfulthansomeoneelseatdoingsth.Shedeterminedtooutdoherbrotheratworkandgames.为了不让别人胜过自己，他又试一次。Nottobeoutdone,hetriedagain.1.Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionof“forcedaskidstoeattheminsalads”?Paraphrasethesentence.•Itisapastparticiplemodifying“thoseofus”.•Tothoseofuswhowereforcedtoeattomatoesinsaladsduringchildhood,theysurelybelongtovegetables.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.对我们这些从小就被迫吃拌在色拉里的西红柿的人来说，西红柿永远是蔬菜。1.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhischildren’saction?2.Whoarethefamousscientistsmentionedinthetext?3.Whathadtheydone?4.WhydoestheauthorthinkCopernicus,MattusandJennerbelongtothesamegroup?2.Whoarethefamousscientistsmentionedinthetext?Copernicus,ReubenMattusandEdwardJenner1.Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhischildren’saction?Theyweredoingsomethingasthefamousscientistshaddone.3.Whathadtheydone?NamesExamplesCopernicusHeplacedthesunatthecenteroftheuniverse,readjustingthecenturies-oldparadigmofEarth-centeredsystem.ReubenMattusHerenamedhisBronxicecreamHäagen-Dazsandraisedthepricewithoutchangingtheproduct.EdwardJennerHediscoveredavaccinationforsmallpoxbyabandoninghisquestforacure.Whathadtheydone?WhydoestheauthorthinkCopernicus,MattusandJennerbelongtothesamegroup?Becausetheywererefocusingtheparameters.Theywereredefiningtheproblems.Theywerereframingthequestions.Inshort,theyw