修辞翻译unit 6

RhetoricTranslation修辞翻译•Rhetoricaldevices,orfiguresofspeecharewaysofmakingourlanguagefigurative.Whenweusewordsinotherthantheirordinaryorliteralmeaningstolendforcetoanidea,toheighteneffect,ortocreatesuggestiveimagery,wearesaidtobespeakingorwritingfiguratively.•修辞格（figuresofspeech）是提高语言表达效果的语言艺术。它能使语言生动形象、具体活泼，给人以美的享受。要翻译好英语修辞格，首先要弄清其特点、弄清英汉两种语言在这方面的异同，然后根据具体情况采用恰当的技巧进行翻译。英语修辞格种类很多，但粗略分来似可分为音韵修辞格、词义修辞格和句法修辞格。RhetoricalDevice•RhetoricalDeviceofSound音韵修辞格•phonologicalrhetoricaldevices•RhetoricalDeviceofWord词义修辞格（semanticrhetoricaldevices）•RhetoricalDeviceofSyntax句法修辞格RhetoricalDeviceofSound1.Alliteration头韵2.Assonance类韵3.Onomatopoeia拟声RhetoricalDeviceofWord1.Simile明喻2.Metaphor隐喻3.Personification拟人4.Hyperbole夸张5.Irony反语6.Euphemism委婉语7.Metonymy转喻8.Synecdoche提喻9.TransferredEpithet移位修饰法10.Pun双关11.Zeugma轭式修饰法,轭式搭配12.Oxymoron矛盾修饰法13.Antithesis对语,对句,对偶RhetoricalDeviceofSyntax1.Repetition重复2.RhetoricalQuestion设问/反问RhetoricalDeviceofSound•RhetoricalDeviceofSoundisinvolvedinwordpronunciationfeatures.Itmainlyconsistsofalliteration,assonanceandonomatopoeia.•顾名思义，音韵修辞格是利用词语的语音特点创造出来的修辞手法。它主要包括onomatopoeia、alliteration和assonance.•1.Onomatopoeia是模仿事物发出的声响的修辞手法，与汉语的拟声辞格完全相同。恰当地运用它可以使语言更加形象生动。如：•Presentlytherecametheclickofhigh-heeledshoes.•高跟皮鞋声阁阁地传了过来。•2.Alliteration就是在一个词组或一个诗行中，有两个以上彼此靠近的词，其开头的音节（或其他重读音节）具有同样的字母或声音.•Shesellssea-shellsonthesea-shore.Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,Thefurrowfollowedfree;清风徐徐吹，白浪翩翩飞，水花任意随船尾。•3.Assonance是在一句话或在一个诗行中间，有两个或更多的词具有相同的元音。前者与汉语的双声（汉语中两个或多个音节，声母相同，叫做双声，它不是辞格）相似，后者与汉语的叠韵（两个或多个音节彼此韵母相同）非常相似。•例如：•PeterPiperpickedapeckofpickingpepper.（alliteration）皮特.派特咽下了一口腌菜用的胡椒粉。RhetoricalDeviceofword•Wordrhetoricaldevicesoftenrefertodevicescreatedfromsemanticassociationandlanguagevariation.•词义修辞格主要借助语义的联想和语言的变化等特点创造出来的修辞手法。1.Simile•ASimileisafigureofspeech,whichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Thecomparisonispurelyimaginative,thatis,theresemblancebetweenthetwounlikethingsinthatoneparticularaspectexistsonlyinourminds.Tomakethecomparison,wordslike,as,as…as,andlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.•Simile与汉语的明喻基本相同，用某一事物或情境来比拟另一个事物或情境。其本体和喻体均同时出现在句中，在形式上是相对应的。英语simile的比喻词一般是like,as（……as）等,汉语明喻的比喻词通常是好象、仿佛等。例如：Theyarelikestreetcarsrunningcontentedlyontheirrails.这些人犹如街上的有轨电车，满足于在自己的轨道上运行。2.MetaphorAmetaphoralsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.暗喻兼有汉语隐喻、借喻及拟物的特点，即把甲事物当作乙事物来描写。Compare:1)Jimwasascunningasafox.象狐狸一样狡猾2)Theworldislikeastage.Jimwasafox.Theworldisastage.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.经验是智慧之母。Silencefellwiththesnow,andthewoodsbecameaquietcathedral.寂静伴随雪花笼罩大地，树林成为一座肃穆的大教堂。3.Personification•Bydefinition,personificationisafigureofspeechthatgiveshumanformorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributes（特性）toinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions.Personification与汉语拟人完全相同，就是赋予物以人的言语属性。这种拟人化的修辞手法读起来使人感到特别形象生动、富有情趣。•例如：Wordspaynodebts.空话还不了债。Summerisalmostoverandfallissteppingin.夏天即将过去，秋天即将来临。Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.风呼啸穿过树林。4.Hyperbole•Hyperboleisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.•Hyperbole与汉语的夸张完全相同，都是为了表达深刻的感受,抒发强烈的感情，通过故意夸大事实来给人留下深刻的印象。Hiswordsmademybloodfreeze.听了他的话，我的血都快凝固了。Thanksamillion.Sheistheprettiestgirlintheworld.Helaughedheartily.Healmostdiedlaughing.Belindasmiled,andalltheworldwasgay.5.Irony反语•Ironyisafigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.•Irony的含义比汉语的反语广泛。它包括verbalirony,dramaticirony,situationalirony.Verbalirony与汉语反语的特点完全相同，也是正话反说，反话正说，一般需借助于特定的上下文和语境才能被正确理解。在多数情况下，irony可以译成汉语的反语。Whatanobleillustrationofthetenderlawofhisfavoredcountry！——Theyletthepaupersgotosleep.以此说明他那行善的国家的仁慈精神是多么有意义的例证——他们竟允许穷人睡觉。“Theboyhasbrokenanotherglass,”saidthemother.“Afinething!”thefatherreplied.母亲说：“小家伙又打碎了一个杯子。”父亲回答道：“好得很！”6.Euphemism•Euphemismisdefinedasthesubstitutionofmildorvagueorroundaboutexpressionforharshordirectone.Oritisdefinedasthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.•Euphemism就是用转弯抹角的说法来代替直截了当的话，把原来显得粗鲁或令人尴尬的语言温和、含蓄地表达出来。这在汉语中叫委婉语。•Forexample:•weusecustodialworkertoreplacejanitor（守门人）;usesanitationengineertoreplacegarbageman（清洁工）;usethedisadvantagedtoreplacethepoor（穷人）;useindustrialactiontoreplacestrike（罢工）.•togotosleep长眠•topassaway去世，与世长辞•tocloseone’seyes闭眼，合眼•toendone’sday寿终•tolaydownone’slife献身•tobreatheone’slast咽气，断气•toexpire逝世•togowest归西天7.Metonymy（转喻/借代）•Metonymyisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother.Inotherwords,itinvolveda“changeofname.”是指不直接说出人或事物的名称，而另外用与其有关联的事物的名称来代替。/说话或写文章时不直接说出所要表达的人或事物，而是借用与它有密切相关的人或事物来代替。Thepenismightierthanthesword.Theswordrepresentsthewarandthefighting.Thepenrepresentsthenegotiation,agreement,treatyandsoon.Shesetsagood(poor)table.她的烹调美味可口.Itmeanssheprovidesgood(poor)food.A.NamesofPersons1.JohnBull:England,ortheEnglishpeople.2.UncleSam:TheUnitedStatesofAmericaB.Animals1.BritishLion:En