在食物诊断的趋向和需要(1)

TrendsandNeedsinFoodDiagnosticsLarissaKahr-BIT,AustriaMalinBrännback-TEKES,FinlandGabrielavonBlankenfeld-Enkvist-TEKES,FinlandBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaAimoftheStudyInvestigatetechnologicaltrendsandneedsinFoodDiagnosticsUnderstandthefactorsthatshapeandinfluencethedevelopmentofthisfield.BureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaFocusBackgroundonfoodsafetymanagementtoolsDescriptionofthemethodscurrentlyusedandnewmethodsdevelopedThemarketforfooddiagnosticsBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaDefinitionsFoodDiagnosticsappliesmodernmethodsdevelopedinhumaninvitrodiagnostictofoodRapidMethodscomprisesdifferenttypesoftests›Miniaturisedbiochemicalkits›Antibody-basedtests›Nucleicacidhybridisation-basedtests›Manual,semi-automatedorfullyautomatedBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaDetectionBacteria,viruses,parasites,chemicals,biotoxins,heavymetalsandprionsInallstepsofthefoodchain-fromrawmaterialstoendproductsBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaFoodastestmatrixExtremelyvariedinitschemicalcompositionContainsmanydifferentingredientsMightcontainanintrinsicmicrobialfloraBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaFrameFoodSafetyProcesscontrolismoreefficientthanproductcontrolThesafetyofaproductwithlowdefectratescannotbeguaranteedthroughsamplingandtestingThefocusischangingfromend-producttestingtoHACCPThishastobeconsideredwhendevelopingnewmethodswithintheconceptualframeoffoodsafetyBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaMicrobiologicalmethodscanbedividedinto“traditional”or“conventional”methodsandrapidmethodsBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaConventionalMethodsConventionalmethodsrelyonculturingmicroorgansimsontoagarplatesLaboriousandtime-consuming84%ofalltestsarebasedoncountingviablecellsRequiredbynationalandinternationalregulatoryagenciesforofficialcontrolBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaRapidMethodsAdvantagesinanalysistimePossibilitytoeliminatelabourintensivestepsPotentialforautomationHowever,lengthyincubationproceduresarestillnecessaryFirstone-shiftmethodsunderdevelopmentELISAandPCRaredominatingLackofacommonvalidationprocedureMostlynotacceptedforofficialcontrolpurposesBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaMethodsAdvancesinViableCellCountMethodsMiniaturisationandDiagnosticKits,BiochemicalIdentificationTechniquesAntibody-basedmethodsImmunomagneticSeparationNucleicacid-basedassaysBiosensorsMicroarraysFlowCytometryBacteriophage-BasedTechniquesATPbioluminescenceAdenylatekinasebioluminescenceRiboprintingandPulse-FieldGelElectrophoresisBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaViablecellcountingWillremainimportantfortheassessmentofsafetyandqualityoffoodproductsdevelopmentofsemi-automatedalternativemethodsnewmethodsarebasedongrowthandmetabolicactivityMicroscopicmethodsflowcytometryandcellsorting(FACS)BureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaImmunoassaysELISA(withdipsticktechnology),ImmunochromatographyFullyautomatedsystemsalreadyonthemarketNewrecombinantantibodiesandmolecularimprintingtechniquestoimprovesensitivityandversatilityBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaImmunomagneticSeparationSpeedupenrichmentstepsNodetectionmethoditselfCombinationwithdifferentend-detectionmethodstoimprove-Speedandsensitivity-Samplethroughput-Userfriendliness-AutomationexpectedinthenextfutureBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaNucleicacidbasedassayDirectlyorafteramplificationwithPCRDevelopmentofhomogenousassaysandautomationimprovesroutineuseandreducesfalsepositiveresultsafterPCRNewassayformatsunderdevelopmentBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaBiosensorsandMicroarraysOn-lineoron-site,sensitive,low-cost,rapidmethodsforroutine-usePrototypesunderdevelopmentHavehighpotentialforautomationSimpleandportableequipmentcanbedesignedApplicationswithinqualityandprocesscontrol,controloffermentationprocesses,qualityandsafetycontrolofrawmaterialsandforHACCPmonitoringBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaHygienemonitoringNeedtodeveloprealtimemethodstomonitorcleaningprocedureMethodsshouldbecheap,robustATPbioluminescence,Adenylatekinase,biosensorapplicationsmightbefurtherdevelopedBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaMethodsImplementationInhousealternativemethodsforviablecellcountshygienemonitoringchemicalanalysisOutsourcingpathogentestingBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaTheMarketforFoodDiagnosticsDefinitionsFoodAnalysis:allfoodtestingFoodDiagnostics:foodtestingwithrapidmethodsMicrobiologicalTesting:alltestingformicroorganismsFoodMicrobiologicalTesting:alltestingformicroorganismsinfoodandbeveragesBureauforInternationalResearchandTechnologyCooperation-AustriaTheMarke