中考英语专项复习Passivevoice徐敏学习目标1.掌握被动语态的用法2.掌握如何将主动语态变成被动语态3.变被动语态时须注意哪些问题英语的两大语态:主动语态和被动语态A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者(即动作的执行者)。宾语是谓语动词的对象(即动作的承受者)。B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的对象)。被动语态的谓语构成:助动词be+动词过去分词什么时候要用被动语态呢?在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态:①不知道动作的执行者是谁,用被动语态。②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态。③需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表时态主动语态被动语态1一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+过去分词2一般过去时didwas/were+过去分词3一般将来时will/begoingto+动词原形will/begoingto+be+过去分词4过去将来时would+动词原形Would+be+过去分词5现在进行时am/is/are+现在分词am/is/are+being+过去分词6过去进行时was/were+现在分词was/were+being+过去分词7现在完成时have/has+过去分词have/has+been+过去分词8过去完成时had+过去分词Had+been+过去分词9含情态动词情态动词+动词原形情态动词+be+过去分词重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时及含情态动词的被动语态。动词不定式的被动结构:动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe+过去分词”。例如:()Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto___inourcity.A.bebuildingB.buildC.bebuiltD.builtCneed+v-ing意为“需要被...”,相当于needtobe+过去分词。()---Jim,thefloorissodirty.Itneeds_____________.---OK,Mom,I'lldoitnow.A.sweepB.cleaningC.cleanedD.besweptB主动语态和被动语态结构的转换:Wecleanourclassroomeveryday.主动语态Ourclassroomiscleaned主语谓语宾语byuseveryday.结构:主动语态:主语+谓语+宾语被动语态:主语be+过去分词by+宾语即:“主变宾,宾变主,谓语动词变被动。”(注:主变宾即主语变为介词by宾语)被动语态主语谓语宾语①把主动语态改为被动语态时,句子的时态不能变。时态体现在be动词的形式上,且be动词和新主语保持一致。如上例,所给的主动句子是一般现在时,改为被动语态时,也要用一般现在时。②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词,改为被动句时作介词by的宾语,要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。注意:主动语态变被动语态的方法把主动语态改为被动语态可按“、、”来进行。即:①变-----把主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语,把主动语态的主语改为被动语态的介词by的宾语。②套-----根据原句的时态套用相应时态。③注意-----注意人称的变化而引起的主谓一致问题。例:①ManypeoplespeakEnglish.English__________bymanypeople.②Hewashedhisshoesyesterday.Hisshoes___________byhimyesterday.isspokenwerewashed一变二套三注意在被动语态中要注意的问题:一些使役动词(let,have,make等)或感官动词(see,hearwatch,notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to,但改为被动语态时,一定带to。如:A.Thebossmakestheworkerswork18hoursaday.(变被动语态)Theworkersaremadetowork18hoursadaybytheboss.B.Isawhimenterthehouse.[变被动语态}Hewasseentoenterthehousebyme.C.Theteacherletthemleavetheclassroomafterclass.(变被动语态)Theywerelettoleavetheclassroombytheteacherafterclass.(一)当使用see/hear/watchsbdosth.时,变为被动语态时,do前要带to。而当使用see/hear/watchsbdoingsth时,变为被动语态时,doing保持不变。如:1.Wehearhersingintheroomeveryday.(变被动语态)She________________intheroomeveryday.2.Isawhimgoingintotheshop.(主动语态)He______________intotheshop.(被动语态)tosingwasseengoingisheard使役动词和感观动词主被动语态对照表主动语态被动语态使役动词makesb.dosth.sb.bemadetodosth.havesb.dosth.sb.behadtodosth.letsb.dosth.sb.belettodosth.感观动词seesb.dosth.sb.beseentodosth.watchsb.dosth.sb.bewatchedtodosth.hearsb.dosth.sb.beheardtodosth.noticesb.dosth.sb.benoticedtodosth.go在被动语态中要注意的问题:(二)含双宾语的动词在变为被动语态时,可将指人的间接宾语提前做被动语态的主语;也可把后面指物的直接宾语提前做主语,但此时要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。(主动语态)give/pass/bring/write/tell/showsth.tosb.(被动语态)sth.begiven/pass/brought/written/told/showntosb.或sb.begiven/pass/brought/written/told/shownsth.(主动语态)buy/make/get/cooksth.forsb.(被动语态)sth.bebought/made/got/cookedforsb.或sb.bebought/made/got/cookedsth.汉译英:去年我过生日时姐姐给了我一块手表。(1)Mysister____________________________________formybirthdaylastyear.(2)Awatch____________________bymysisterformybirthdaylastyear.(3)I___________________bymysisterformybirthdaylastyear.gavemeawatchgaveawatchtome/wasgiventomewasgivenawatch在被动语态中要注意的问题:(三)汉译英:我们国家把老人照顾得很好。Oldpeople__________________________inourcountry.aretakengoodcareof也可填arelookedafterwell在主动语态中某些谓语动词是短语动词,要将短语动词视为一个整体,变为被动语态时我们不能丢掉其后的介词或副词。在被动语态中要注意的问题:(四)(1)这几年,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。Greatchanges__________________inmyhometownovertheyears.(2)吉姆昨天发生了车祸。______________________________________________(3)如果你努力的话,你会实现梦想的。Ifyouworkhard,yourdreamwill___________________.(4)他的新书上个月出版了。Hisnewbook______________________.谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义havetakenplaceAcaraccidenthappenedtoJimyesterday.cometruecameoutlastmonth1.有些不及物动词和短语无被动语态,用主动语态表达被动的意思。如:happen,takeplace,cometrue,comeout,last,runout(用完)等。翻译句子:(1).Thispen__________.这支笔好写。(2).Thejeans___________.这条牛仔裤好洗。(3).Theapples____________and___________.这些苹果闻起来很香,卖得好/好卖。(4).Everything______________inspring.春季万物都生长得很好。2.少数动词后面有副词well的时候也不用被动语态。(如:writewell,washwell,sellwell,growwell)系动词也不用于被动语态。(如:look看起来,sound听起来,feel摸起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来)writeswellwashwellsellwellgrowswell(不用iswritten)(不用arewashed)smellgood汉译英:这家商店早晨八点开始营业,晚上十点停止营业。Theshop__________at8o'clocka.m.and__________attenp.m.openscloses注意:open与close1.beusedtodosth.被用来做某事(被动语态)(=beusedfordoingsth.)usesth.todosth.用某物做某事(主动语态)2.usedtodosth.过去常常做某事3.be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事1.她过去常常在晚饭后沿这条马路散步,但是现在她习惯在家看电视。(汉译英)Butnowshe_____________________athomeaftersupper.2.这把刀可以用来削苹果。(汉译英)Theknife_________________________apples.usedtowalkalongisusedtowatchingTVcanbeusedtocut或canbeusedforcuttingShe_____________________theroadaftersupper.同义句:将这个句子改为主动语态:Inthepast,sheusually____________theroadaftersupper.walkedalongWecanusetheknifetocutapples.1.get/havesth.+过去分词“使某事物被......”汉译英:(1).不应该允许16岁的青少年扎耳洞。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldn't______________gettheirears_________.(2).我昨天理发了。Ihavemyhair_________yesterday.piercedbeallowedtocut(五)注意下列常见短语或句型:2.beallowedtodosth.被允许做某事3.beregardedas......被视为......4.becoveredwithsth.被......覆盖5.befilledwithsth.装满/充满.......6.bemadeofsth.由……制成(发生物理变化)bemadefromsth.由……制成(发生化学变化)7.It'ssaidthat......据说......8.It'swell-knownthat......众所周知......(五)注意下列常见短语或句型:单项选择:()1.---DidyougotoJim'sbirthdayparty?---No,I_______.A