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直接引语和间接引语引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语;二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从句。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序等。1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that引导。例如：Shesaid,“Iamveryhappytobewithyou.”→Shesaid(that)shewasveryhappytobewithme.Hesaid,“Iwillchooseabookformystudents.”→Hesaid(that)hewouldchooseabookforhisstudents.2.直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if引导。例如：Heaskedme,“DoyoulikewatchingTV?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedwatchingTV.Heasked,“Areyousureyourmotherwillcome?”→Heaskedmewhether/ifIwassuremymotherwouldcome.注意：大多数情况下，if和whether在引导宾语从句时可以互换，但后紧跟ornot时,一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherornothecoulddothework./Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddotheworkornot.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的连接词who,whom,what,whose,how,when,why,where等引导。例如：Heasked:“Whereareyoutogetoff,John?”→HeaskedJohnwherehewastogetoff.Mysisteraskedme,“Howdoyouliketheplay?”→MysisteraskedmehowIlikedtheplay.Tomaskedme,“Whoistheboyoverthere?”→Tomaskedme,“Whowastheboyoverthere?”4.直接引语是祈使句，其间接引语由主语+动词ask(委婉语气)，tell(一般语气)，order(命令语气)或warn,advise等+复合宾语(名/代词+动词不定式)构成。如：Hesaid,“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow.”→Heaskedmetogothereagainthenextday.“Becarefulwiththedog.”→Hewarnedmetobecarefulwiththedog.5.直接引语变间接引语时，如果引述动词为过去式，需注意时态的变化：如：1)Bettysaid,“Linglingissingingintheclassroomnow.”现在进行时→BettysaidLinglingwassingingintheclassroomthen.-过去进行时2)Hesaid,“IwillgotoLondonnextweek.”一般将来时→HesaidhewouldgotoLondonnextweek.过去将来时3)Mymothersaid,“Ihavealreadycleanedthehouse.”现在完成时→Mymothersaidshehadalreadycleanedthehouse.过去完成时注意:1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，主句尽管是过去时态，变成间接引语时，时态仍然用一般现在时态。例如：Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.2.直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。如：this→that,these→those,now→then,today→thatday,yesterday→thedaybefore,lastyear→theyearbefore,ago→before,here→therecome→go等。例如：Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenthemtoday.”→Hesaidthathehadn’tseenthemthatday.但是，如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方，或在说话的当天，就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。总之,对这些变化不能机械理解，应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：HeaskedLucy,“Wheredidyougo?”→HeaskedLucywhereshew直接引语和间接引语专项练习1.单项填空1.Hesaid,Iamlivingwithmybrother.Hesaidthat__waslivingwithhisbrother.A.IB.youC.heD.they2.Hesaid,Youaresuretogetawarmwelcomethere.Hesaidthatwe__suretogetawarmwelcomethere.A.amB.wasC.wereD.are3.Shesays,Somethingiswrongwithmybike.Shesaysthatsomethingiswrongwith__bike.A.myB.aC.hisD.her4.Hesaid,Iwillnotdosoagain.Hesaidthathe__notdosoagain.A.willB.mustC.wouldD.do5.Theteachersaid,Mysonhadthesameexperienceasthelittleboy.Theteachersaidthathissonhad__thesameexperienceasthelittleboy.A.beenB.haveC.hadD.done6.Shesaidtome,Mymothertookmetoanexhibitionyesterday.Shetoldmethathermotherhadtaken__toanexhibitionthedaybefore.A.sheB.meC.herD.you7.Yousaidtome,Isawthefilmtwodaysago.Youtoldmethatyouhadseenthefilm__A.twodaysB.twodaysbeforeC.twodaysagoD.yesterday8.Hesaidtohisyoungersister,Youmaycomewithme.Hetoldhisyoungersisterthat__withhim.A.youmaycomeB.youmightcomeC.shemightcomeD.shemightgo9.Thestudentsaidtome,Shehasmadeaclosestudyoftheproblem.Thestudenttoldmethatshe__aclosestudyoftheproblem.A.hasmakeB.havemadeC.hadmakeD.hadmade10.Hesaid,Ilivehere.Hesaidthathelived____.A.thereB.hereC.inthereD.atthereⅡ、将下列句子改为间接引语1.“I'mgladtoreceiveyoure-mail,”saidhe.________________________________________________2.Hesaidtome,“Areyougoinghomethisweekend?”________________________________________________3.“Howdoyoulikethefoodhere?”saidshe.________________________________________________4.Shesaidtome,“Don'trideinthestreet.”________________________________________________5.“Standwhereyouare!”thepolicesaidtotheyoungman.________________________________________________II.请在下列空白处填上适当的词语，使句意不变。1．Shesaid,“Areyoufromthesouth?”Sheasked________I________fromthesouth.2.Momsaidtome,“Don'ttellalie.”Mom________me________________tellalie.3．Susansaidtome,“WevisitedtheRedStarFarmlastweek.”Susantoldmethat________________________theRedStarFarm________________________.4．MrPaulsaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MrPaul________usthatlight________fasterthansound.5．“Goandposttheletters,”themanagersaidtohim.Themanager________him________________andposttheletters.6.“Inevereatmeat.”hesaid.Hesaidthat______never______meat.7.“I’vefoundmywallet.”hesaidtome.He______methathe__________________wallet.8.“Itookithomewithme.”shesaid.Shesaidthat___________________ithomewithher.9.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthatthesun______intheeastand______downinthewest.10.“Imetheryesterday.”hesaidtome.He______methathe______mettheday______.11.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive.”hesaid.HesaidthatI______togo______beforefive.12.“Iboughtthehouse10yearsago.”hesaid.Hesaidthathe_______boughtthehouse10years_______.13.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He____________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.14.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He______Jimthathe______sitthere15.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother__________________foundit.16.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.17.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked____________knewwhereshe______.18.“Stopmak