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1《国际音标》教材（一）音标概念知识1．音素：音素是语音的最小单位。2．音素的分类：元音和辅音。3．音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。4．音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。5．国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。6、元音和辅音的定义：发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音。7、26个英文字母及发音音标如下:Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[d3i:]Hh[eit∫]Ii[ai]Jj[d3ei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[əu]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[ɑ:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′d∧blju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]以上我们可以看出,英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:1)含元音音素[ei]字母:AaHhJjKk音标:[ei][eit∫][d3ei][kei]2)含元音音素[i:]字母:BbCcDdEeGgPpTtVv音标:[bi:][si:][di:][i:][d3i:][pi:][ti:][vi:]3)含元音音素[e]字母:FfLlMmNnSsXxZz音标:[ef][el][em][en][es][eks][zed]4)含元音音素[ju:]字母:UuQqWw音标:[ju:][kju:][`d∧blju:]5)含元音音素[ai]字母:IiYy音标:[ai][wai]（二）分类元音：12个单元音长元音[a:][ә:][i:][ɔ:][u:]短元音[Λ][ә][i][ɔ][u][æ][e]8个双元音[ai][ei][ɔi][iә][eә]uә][au][әu]辅音：10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][ð][dz]23个鼻音[m][n][η]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j]三、元音音标学习元音：形成元音时，声带振动，气流经由咽腔和口腔逸出时，不受到任何阻碍，没有可以听得到的摩擦声。英语里共有20个元音（单元音1２个，双元音８个）。Lesson1元音[i][iː][ɔ:][ɔ]学习1.[i:]长元音，嘴唇微微张开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽力向上张开，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，与字母E发音相同。发这个音的字母和字母组合ieeeai:skiee:seegeesebeegreensheepsleepweepea:tealeavereallyreleaseie:fieldreliefe:retailfever一.练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.scenepeaceleanlip2.needleseasonshipmean3.fleakickbigfever4.feetheatfeedjelly32.[i]发这个音的字母和字母组合ieyeyayi:pigfishinfifteensixshipthine:beginbehindjacketbasketbally:happyheavylorrycarrystudythirstytwentythirtywindyrainyey:monkeymoneyay:SundaySaturdayFriday一．练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。1.sofasitkicklip2.inkgiftjamship3.handpicturebigsister4.hotlickpigjell3.[ɜ:]发这个音的字母和字母组合erirurearorer:herservetermir:birdgirlskirtfirstdirtyskirtshirtur:nurseThursdayturtlepurplecurtainear:earlylearnor:wordworkworld一．练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。1.thirtybeerthirstywheat2.bankkinghernurse3.turtlebirdrabbitknee4.roomrunshirtterm4.[ә]发这个音的字母和字母组合ureeraroraeure:pictureer:teacherbrotherdinnerfathersisterar:sugaror:doctora:pandaaboutabovecamerasofaChina一．练习：根据发音规则，找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。41.mothersofaroadsmile2.sitfathersisterfood3.hairdeertigerChina4.sugarsoonearleader二、拼读练习：1.[iː][biː][biːt][hiːt][tiːtʃ]2.[ɪ][i'reizə][hit][drɪŋk][lɪft]3.[ɜ:]earth[ɜ:θ][ɜ:n][hɜ:d]4.[ə]teacher['tiːtʃə]['wɜːkə]['mɒnɪtə]Lesson2音标[ɔ:][ɔ][u:][u]5.[ɔ:]发这个音的字母和字母组合aawaloroora:wateraw:drawstrawberryoor:floordooral:ballwallor:horsecornforkorshort练习：根据发音规则，找出发[ɔ:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。1.tallbirdbreadpoor2.ideachairsporthare3.cakebearwalkcup4.drinkshortbagmilk6.[ɔ]发这个音的字母和字母组合oao:foxcoffeedogshopdogdoctorlonga:watch练习：根据发音规则，圈出发[ɔ:]的2个单词。1.doctorteacherboxclothes2.coldzooclockdog3.lovebosslotviolin4.watchbeachfoxgirl7.[u:]发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouio:dowhowhoseoo:foodmoontooui:fruitjuiceu:rulerrude练习：根据发音规则，找出不发[u:]的单词。51.juicemoonzoopanda2.toothbroomeyespoon3.headbootnoodlespool4.nooncoolbootwatch8.[u]发这个音的字母和字母组合ooouo:womanwolfoo:lookgoodbookfootwoodu:bullbullet练习：根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词。1.mouthbooklookpull2.pushtapesugarfoot3.woodkindwolfbull4.bulletwoodcookname拼读练习：1.[u:]school[sku:l][fu:d][ku:l]2.[ʊ]cook[kʊk][bʊk][fʊt]3.[ɔː]or[ɔː][hɔːs][bɔːd]4.[ɒ]doctor['dɒktə][nɒt][hɒt]Lesson3音标[a:][Λ][æ][e]9.[a:]发这个音的字母和字母组合aaraueara:grassglassclassplantdancefastfatherlastar:carstararmMarchgardendarkscarfau:laughauntear:heart练习：根据发音规则，圈出发[a:]的2个单词。1.armlipdoctorcard2.cloudcartgardengate3.ballscarfdarktiger4.joblorryMarchpark610.[Λ]发这个音的字母和字母组合ouooouo:soncomecolourlovemoneyu:sunnutjumpgumbusbrushsupperusou:touchcousincountry练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。1.hearcupbedair2.voiceboyduckant3.vasecornbeargun4.cuteboymoneyher11.[æ]舌前部最低，双唇向两旁平伸,成扁平牙床开的最大。软颚升起,唇自然开放发这个音的字母和字母组合aa:dadcapcatbadappleflaghandrabbitantblackfathasstandratmap练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。1.ratbedfacesport2.hearcupfatpear3.ricebatfingertree4.seayoungknifeapple12.[e]发这个音的字母和字母组合eeae:eggbelldesklegpettenpenea:breadheadbreakfast练习：1.根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。1.catwelllegpen2.sweatmappetelephant3.eggtentalldesk4.breadheadbedtoy拼读练习：1.[ɑ:]car[kɑ:(r)][hɑ:t][hɑ:d]2.[ʌ]cup[kʌp][bʌg][hʌg]73.[æ]can[kæn]['æp(ə)l][hæt]4.[e]egg[eg][hedʒ][elf]Lesson4音标[ei][ai][ɔi][au]13.[ei]舌尖抵住下齿，牙床半开半合,发这个音的字母和字母组合aaiaya:cakemakenamegamesnakegatelazyai:raintrainwaitay:dayMayplaytadayway练习：根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。1.facewavesheeptail2.grapeplanenamecoat3.timetapetrainsnake4.rainsoapcaketrain14.[ai]发这个音的字母和字母组合iyieuyi:kitebikenicetigerwriteknifeie:tiepiey:bycryflymyskytrywhyuy:buy练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词.1.ricegoodjamright2.shipmineice-creammouse3.cloudsittieeye4.writesmalltenniskite15.[ɔi]发这个音的字母和字母组合oioyoi:oilboilcoinoy:boytoy练习：根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ɔi]的2个单词.1.soilhearsoycold2.rabbitbedboynoise3.walkvoiseboilword4.teaenjoytoymilk16.[au]发这个音的字母和字母组合ouowou:housemousemouthtrousers8ow:flowercowhownowdown练习：根据发音规则，选出不发[au]的单词。1．mousecloudarmclown2.teachertrouserscowmouth3.towndanceflowerhouse4.towerblousenowbaby拼读练习：1.[eɪ]take[teɪk][meɪk][greɪp]2.[aɪ]kite[kaɪt][baɪt][laɪt]3.[ɔɪ]boy[bɔɪ][tɔɪ][bɔɪl]4.[aʊ]how[haʊ][naʊ][braʊn]Lesson5音标[әu][iә][eә][uә]17.[әu]发这个音的字母和字母组合ooaowo:noserosepoenoveroa:boatcoatsoapgoatow:showwindowsnowbowl练习：根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[әu]的2个单