LITERATUREREVIEW文献综述-(课堂PPT)

LITERATUREREVIEW1Dr.LiliAnn2WhatisLR?Aliteraturereviewdiscussespublishedinformationinaparticularsubjectarea,andsometimesinformationinaparticularsubjectareawithinacertaintimeperiod.Aliteraturereviewcanbejustasimplesummaryofthesources,butitusuallyhasanorganizationalpatternandcombinesbothsummaryandsynthesis.Dr.LiliAnn3WhatisLR?Asummaryisarecapoftheimportantinformationofthesource,butasynthesisisare-organization,orareshuffling,ofthatinformation.Itmightgiveanewinterpretationofoldmaterialorcombinenewwitholdinterpretations.Oritmighttracetheintellectualprogressionofthefield,includingmajordebates.Anddependingonthesituation,theliteraturereviewmayevaluatethesourcesandadvisethereaderonthemostpertinentorrelevant.Dr.LiliAnn4WhatisLR?Theformatofareviewofliteraturemayvaryfromdisciplinetodisciplineandfromassignmenttoassignment.Areviewmaybeaself-containedunit--anendinitself--oraprefacetoandrationaleforengaginginprimaryresearch.Areviewisarequiredpartofgrantandresearchproposalsandoftenachapterinthesesanddissertations.Generally,thepurposeofareviewistoanalyzecriticallyasegmentofapublishedbodyofknowledgethroughsummary,classification,andcomparisonofpriorresearchstudies,reviewsofliterature,andtheoreticalarticles.Dr.LiliAnn5WhatisLR?Aliteraturereviewistheeffectiveevaluationofselecteddocumentsonaresearchtopic.Areviewmayformanessentialpartoftheresearchprocessormayconstitutearesearchprojectinitself.Inthecontextofaresearchpaperorthesistheliteraturereviewisacriticalsynthesisofpreviousresearch.Theevaluationoftheliteratureleadslogicallytotheresearchquestion.Dr.LiliAnn6WhatisLR?A‘good’literaturereview…..…..isasynthesisofavailableresearch…..isacriticalevaluation…..hasappropriatebreadthanddepth…..hasclarityandconciseness…..usesrigorousandconsistentmethodsA‘poor’literaturereviewis…..…..anannotatedbibliography…..confinedtodescription…..narrowandshallow…..confusingandlongwinded…..constructedinanarbitrarywayDr.LiliAnn7WhywriteLR?Literaturereviewsprovideyouwithahandyguidetoaparticulartopic.Ifyouhavelimitedtimetoconductresearch,literaturereviewscangiveyouanovervieworactasasteppingstone.Literaturereviewsalsoprovideasolidbackgroundforaresearchpaper'sinvestigation.Comprehensiveknowledgeoftheliteratureofthefieldisessentialtomostresearchpapers.Dr.LiliAnn8WhywriteLR?Forprofessionals,theyareusefulreportsthatkeepthemuptodatewithwhatiscurrentinthefield.Forscholars,thedepthandbreadthoftheliteraturereviewemphasizesthecredibilityofthewriterinhisorherfieldDr.LiliAnn9WhywriteLR?Thepurposeofaliteraturereviewisforyoutotakeacriticallookattheliterature(factsandviews)thatalreadyexistsintheareayouareresearching.Aliteraturereviewisnotashoppinglistofeverythingthatexists,butacriticalanalysisthatshowsanevaluationoftheexistingliteratureandarelationshipbetweenthedifferentworks.Itdemonstratestherelevanceoftheresearch.Dr.LiliAnn10WhywriteLR?Literaturecanincludebooks,journalarticles,internet(electronicjournals),newspapers,magazines,thesesanddissertations,conferenceproceedings,reports,anddocumentaries.Literaturereviewsarewrittenoccasionallyinthehumanities,butmostlyinthesciencesandsocialsciences;inexperimentandlabreports,theyconstituteasectionofthepaper.Sometimesaliteraturereviewiswrittenasapaperinitself.Dr.LiliAnn11WhywriteLR?Inthecontextofaresearchpaperonathesis,theliteraturereviewprovidesabackgroundtothestudybeingproposed.Thebackgroundmayconsideroneormoreofthefollowingaspectsdependingontheresearchquestionbeingposed:Theoreticalbackground–past,presentorfutureClinicalpractice–previousorcontemporaryMethodologyand/orresearchmethodsPreviousfindingsRationaleand/orrelevanceofthecurrentstudyDr.LiliAnn12WhywriteLR?InabroadercontextHart(1998)liststhefollowingpurposesofareview:Distinguishingwhathasbeendonefromwhatneedstobedone;Discoveringimportantvariablesrelevanttothetopic;Synthesisingandgaininganewperspective;Identifyingrelationshipsbetweenideasandpractice;Establishingthecontextofthetopicorproblem;Dr.LiliAnn13WhywriteLR?Rationalisingthesignificanceoftheproblem;Enhancingandacquiringthesubjectvocabulary;Understandingthestructureofthesubject;Relatingideasandtheorytoapplications;Identifyingmethodologiesandtechniquesthathavebeenused;Placingtheresearchinahistoricalcontexttoshowfamiliaritywithstate-of-the-artdevelopments.Dr.LiliAnn14WhywriteLR?Itspurposeisto:PlaceeachworkinthecontextofitscontributiontotheunderstandingofthesubjectunderreviewDescribetherelationshipofeachworktotheothersunderconsiderationIdentifynewwaystointerpret,andshedlightonanygapsin,previousresearchResolveconflictsamongstseeminglycontradictorypreviousstudiesIdentifyareasofpriorscholarshiptopreventduplicationofeffortPointthewayforwardforfurtherresearchPlaceone'soriginalwork(inthecaseofthesesordissertations)inthecontextofexistingliteratureDr.LiliAnn15WhatshouldIdobeforewritingtheliteraturereview?ClarifyIfyourassignmentisnotveryspecific,seekclarificationfromyoursupervisor/lecturer:Roughlyhowmanysourcesshouldyouinclude?Whattypesofsources(books,journalarticles,websites)?Should