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2013上外MTI_翻译硕士英语考研真题MakingthemostofdiversityFromReutersThuNov15,20124:22pmESTByChrystiaFreelandNEWYORKNov15(Reuters)-ForAmerica,2012willgodowninhistoryastheyearoftheLatinos,theblacks,thewomenandthegays.ThatrainbowcoalitionwonPresidentBarackObamahissecondterm.ThistriumphoftheoutsidersispartlyduetoAmerica'schangingdemographics.AnditisnotjusttheUnitedStatesthatisbecomingmorediverse.Canadais,too,asismuchofEurope.Thatiswhyitisworththinkinghardabouthowtomakediverseteamseffective,andhowpeoplewhostraddletwoculturalworldscansucceed.Threeacademics,appropriatelyenoughadiversegroupbasedinAsiaandAmerica,havebeendoingsomeprovocativeresearchthatsuggeststhatourabilitytocomfortablyintegrateourdifferentidentities-ornot-isthekey.InConnectingtheDotsWithin:CreativePerformanceandIdentityIntegration,Chi-YingChengofSingaporeManagementUniversity,JeffreySanchez-BurksoftheRossSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofMichigan,andFionaLee,alsoattheUniversityofMichigan,arguethatethnicminoritiesandwomeninmale-dominatedprofessionsaremostcreativewhentheyhavefoundawaytobelievethattheirmultipleandconflictingsocialidentitiesarecompatible.Wetriedtoseehowpeoplewhohavetodealwithseeminglyin-conflictcultureorgenderidentitiescope,Chengtoldme.Theirconclusionwasthatpeoplewhohavefoundawaytoreconciletheirtwoidentities-Asian-Americans,forexample,orwomenwhoworkinmale-dominatedjobslikeengineering-arethebestatfindingcreativesolutionstoproblems.Thosewhoseetheiridentitiesascompatible,theyarebetteratcombiningideasfromthetwoidentitiestocomeupwithsomethingnew,Chengsaid.Whilethosewhoalsosharethesetwosocialidentities,butseethemasbeinginconflict,theycannotcomeupwithnewideas.Cheng,Sanchez-BurksandLeedevisedaresearchstrategytoprobethisissuethatyoudonotneedaPh.D.toappreciate:TheyaskedAsian-AmericanstoinventnewfusioncuisinedishesusingbothtypicallyAsianandtypicallyAmericaningredients,andtheyaskedfemaleengineerstodesignproductsgearedspecificallytowomen.Inbothcases,peoplewhowereatpeacewiththeirdualidentitiesperformedbetter.Asian-Americanswhohadhigherbiculturalintegrationcouldcreatemorecreativerecipes,andtheybelieveditwaspossibletocomeupwithmorerecipes,Chengsaid.Bycontrast,Asian-Americanswhofeeltheirtwoidentitiesareinconflictcannotcomeupwithasmanycreativerecipes.''Chenghasherownexperienceofbeingaminority.SheisfromTaiwanbutwenttograduateschoolintheUnitedStates;sheisawomanbuthastaughtinthemale-dominatedenvironmentofgraduatebusinessschools.Shedoesnotminimizethechallengeofcomingtotermswiththissortofdiversity.Peoplewhohavehighidentityintegration,itisnotthattheyaremoreeasygoing.Itisthattheyfindpeacebetweenthetwodifferentworlds,Chengsaid.Itisnotthateasy.Pretendingdoesn'twork.Therehastoberealunderstandingandintegrationbetweenthetwoworlds.Theyfindawayforthetwoworldstocoexistinsideaperson.Thisacademicworkisausefulprismforunderstandingthemanwhomaybetheworld'smostprominentintegratoroftwopotentiallyconflictingidentities:PresidentObama.Hehasgainedadmissiontowhatusedtobethemostexclusivewhiteclubofall,theWhiteHouse,whileremainingpatentlyateasewithhisblackidentity.AsChengadvises,Obamadoesnotignorethecomplexitiesofstraddlingthesetwoworlds:HegovernswithanacuteawarenessoftheparticularchallengesablackskinposesforthemanAmericansstillliketodescribeastheleaderofthefreeworld.Butthepresidentisalsodeeplyateasewithhisvariousidentities,apsychologicalstatethatmayhelphimusethemtopowerfuleffect-asintheelectioncampaign,whenheralliedprettymuchallAmericanswhothinkofthemselvesasdifferent.TheconclusionsofCheng,Sanchez-BurksandLeesuggestatantalizingfollow-upquestion:Howcanweachievethepersonalintegrationthesescholarshaveidentifiedascrucialtomakingavirtueofdiversity?FurtherresearchbyChengoffersoneanswer:Youcanintegrateyouridentitiesifyouhavepositivebiculturalexperiences.Themacrosystemcaninfluencethemicrosystem.Inotherwords,iftheworldaroundustellsusourdualidentitiesarecompatible,wewillbelievethat,andactaccordingly.Iffemaleengineersworkinacompanythattreatstheirgenderasavirtue,theywilldobetter.IfAsian-Americansliveinacommunitythatcelebratesbothaspectsoftheiridentity,theywillbemoreeffective.America'srainbowcoalitionwonattheballotboxthismonth,butinothersettingsthenationhasbecomealittlewearyofdiversity-cheeringmovementslikemulticulturalismandevenexplicitfeminism.Cheng'sworksuggeststhatcynicismmaybemisplaced.Diversitycanwork,butwehavetoworkatit.上面划线部分为完型填空的答案1、Accordingtotheauthor,whatittakesforaminoritypersontosucceedintheUS?2、Whytheauthorconsidersbarakobamaasuccess?3、Elaboratetheauthor’sargument“Themacrosystemcaninfluencethemicrosystem.”4、Whataretheauthoralludingtowiththephrase“rainbowcoalition”?WriteinEnglish500wordsaboutyourcommentonhowtosucceedinanincreasinglydiverseenvironment.