1.GeneralPhysics普通物理1.1Lengthandtime长度和时间1.Useanddescribetheuseofrulesandmeasuringcylinderstodeterminealengthoravolume.使用并且描述如何用尺子和量筒测量长度和体积。2.Useanddescribetheuseofclocksanddevicesformeasuringanintervaloftime.使用并且描述如何用钟表和一些仪器测量时间间隔。3.Useanddescribetheuseofamechanicalmethodforthemeasurementofasmalldistance.使用并描述利用机械的方法测量短距离。4.Measureanddescribehowtomeasureashortintervaloftime(includingtheperiodofapendulum).测量和描述怎样测量一个短时间间隔(包括单摆的周期)。1.2Speed,velocityandacceleration速率,速度,加速度1.Definespeedandcalculatespeedfromtotaldistance/totaltime.定义速率和计算:速率=总路程/总时间2.Plotandinterpretaspeed/timegraphoradistance/timegraph.画和解释速率/时间图像或者路程/时间图像3.Recognizefromtheshapeofaspeed/timegraphwhenabodyis(a)atrest,(b)movingwithconstantspeed,or(c)movingwithchangingspeed.从速率/时间图像中辨认出:(a)静止,(b)匀速运动和(c)变速运动。4.Calculatetheareaunderaspeed/timegraphtodeterminethedistancetraveledformotionwithconstantacceleration.计算速率/时间图像中的面积得出匀加速运动的路程。5.Demonstratesomeunderstandingthataccelerationisrelatedtochangingspeed.解释加速度和速度的改变量之间的联系。6.StatethattheaccelerationoffreefallforabodyneartotheEarthisconstant.说明地球表面附近的物体自由降落的加速度是衡定的。7.Distinguishbetweenspeedandvelocity.区分速率和速度。8.Recognizelinearmotionforwhichtheaccelerationisconstantandcalculatetheacceleration.认识匀加速的运动并且计算加速度。9.Recognizemotionforwhichtheaccelerationisnotconstant.认识非匀加速运动。10.Describequalitativelythemotionofbodiesfallinginauniformgravitationalfieldwithandwithoutairresistance(includingreferencetoterminalvelocity).定性的描述计和不计空气阻力物体在均匀重力场中下落的运动(包括设计到末速度。1.3Massandweight质量和重量1.Showfamiliaritywiththeideaofthemassofabody.熟练掌握一个物体的质量的概念。2.Statethatweightisaforce.陈述重量是一种力。3.Demonstrateunderstandingthatweights(andhencemasses)maybecomparedusingabalance.阐明重量(因此质量)可以用天平来比较。4.Demonstrateanunderstandingthatmassisapropertywhich'resists'changeinmotion.阐明质量是物体阻碍加速度的一种性质5.Describe,andusetheconceptof,weightastheeffectofagravitationalfieldonamass.描述和利用重力是重力场作用在物体上的效果的概念。1.4Density密度1.Describeanexperimenttodeterminethedensityofaliquidandofaregularlyshapedsolidandmakethenecessarycalculation.描述一个测量液体或者规则形状的固体的密度的实验并做必要的计算。2.Describethedeterminationofthedensityofanirregularlyshapedsolidbythemethodofdisplacementandmakethenecessarycalculation.描述通过替代法测量一个不规则形状的固体的密度并做必要的计算。1.5Force力(a)Effectsofforces力的作用效果1.Statethataforcemayproduceachangeinsizeandshapeofabody.说明一个力可以改变一个物体的大小和形状。2.Plotextension/loadgraphsanddescribetheassociatedexperimentalprocedure.画伸长量/力的图像并描述这个相关实验过程。3.Describethewaysinwhichaforcemaychangethemotionofabody.描述力可以怎样改变一个物体的运动。4.Findtheresultantoftwoormoreforcesactingalongthesameline.求共线的两个或多个力的合力。10.Interpretextension/loadgraphs.解释伸长量/负荷的图象。11.StateHooke’sLawandrecallandusetheexpressionF=kx.说明胡克定律并记住使用F=kx。12.Recognizethesignificanceoftheterm'limitofproportionality'foranextension/loadgraph.从伸长量/负荷图像中辨认出正比例限度。13.Recallandusetherelationbetweenforce,massandacceleration(includingthedirection).记住和应用力,质量和加速度之间的关系。(F=ma)。14.Describe,qualitatively,motioninacurvedpathduetoaperpendicularforce(F=mv2/risnotrequired).定性的描述物体在一个垂直力的作用下沿曲线运动。(b)Turningeffect转动效果5.Describethemomentofaforceasameasureofitsturningeffectandgiveeverydayexamples.描述力矩是力的转动效果量度并且取例子。6.Describe,qualitatively,thebalancingofabeamaboutapivot.定性的描述一个杆关于支点的平衡。15.Performanddescribeanexperiment(involvingverticalforces)toverifythatthereisnonetmomentonabodyinequilibrium.演示和描述一个实验证明物体在合力矩为零时会保持平衡。16.Applytheideaofopposingmomentstosimplesystemsinequilibrium.应用反向的力矩简化一个系统的平衡。(c)Conditionsforequilibrium平衡的条件7.Statethat,whenthereisnoresultantforceandnoresultantturningeffect,asystemisinequilibrium.描述当合力为零并且合力矩为零时,系统保持平衡。(d)Centreofmass质心8.Performanddescribeanexperimenttodeterminethepositionofthecentreofmassofaplanelamina.演示和描述一个在几何平面内找出物体质心的实验。9.Describequalitativelytheeffectofthepositionofthecentreofmassonthestabilityofsimpleobjects.定性的描述质心的位置对物体稳定的影响。(e)Scalarsandvectors标量和矢量17.Demonstrateanunderstandingofthedifferencebetweenscalarsandvectorsandgivecommonexamples.阐明和理解标量和矢量之间的区别并且提出常见的例子。18.Addvectorsbygraphicalrepresentationtodeterminearesultant.通过图像表示求两个矢量的和。19.Determinegraphicallyaresultantoftwovectors.通过画图求两个矢量的和1.6Energy,workandpower能量,功和功率(a)Energy能量1.Demonstrateanunderstandingthatanobjectmayhaveenergyduetoitsmotionoritsposition,andthatenergymaybetransferredandstored.描述和理解一个物体由于运动和位置产生的能量,这个能量能够被转换和储存。2.Giveexamplesofenergyindifferentforms,includingkinetic,gravitational,chemical,strain,nuclear,internal,electrical,lightandsound.给一些不同形式的能量的例子,包括动能,势能,化学能,弹性势能,核能,内能,电能,光能和声能,3.Giveexamplesoftheconversionofenergyfromoneformtoanotherandofitstransferfromonplacetoanother.给一些从一种形式的能量转换为另一种形式的能量,从一个地方传播到另一个地方。4.Applytheprincipleofenergyconservationtosimpleexamples应用能量守恒的简单的例子。8.Recallandusetheexpressionsk.e.=½mv2andp.e.=mgh记住和应用表达式K.e=1/2mv和p.e=mgh(b)Energyresources能源5.Describehowelectricityorotherusefulformsofenergymaybeobtainedfrom(i)chemicalenergystoredinfuel(ii)water,includingtheenergystoredinwaves,intides,andinwaterbehindhydroelectricdams(iii)geothermalresources(iv)nuclearfission(v)heatandlightfromtheSun描述电能和其它有用的能量形式怎样从下列能源获得的:(i)储存在然连中的化学能。(ii)水包括储存在波和潮汐中的能量和水力电气水