一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一1统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案讲义编号:JHR教务主任审核签字学生姓名:课题:英语句子成分授课日期及时段:教学目的让学生完全掌握英语句子的成分问题,使学生能够更好的理解句子结构知识点1.句子成分的划分2.句子的主要成分3.句子的次要成分4.作各个成分相应的词性重点1.句子的主要成分2.谓语3.状语4.定语分为前置定语和后置定语学员编号:年级:课时数:学生姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:姜红日一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一2难点1.句子的主要成分2.状语的识别3.定语的识别4.宾语补足语考点1.划分句子结构2.识别句子的主要成分3.能够准确的翻译句子技能提升通过本课的学习,使学生能够清楚的划分出句子的主要成分及次要成分,并能够清楚的理解句子结构教学效果自评及课后反思一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一3教学进程和教学内容(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分:主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法:主语由名词性的词来充当.例如:Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.(名词)ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.(代词)Theygotoschoolbybus.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.(数词)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)Toseeistobelieve.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.(动名词)WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.It’snouseregrettingit.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。注意动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语,不能作谓语。一句话语法:谓语由动词充当。有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词.1、可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态),行为动词根据其一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一4后是否可直接接宾语,又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)、及物动词作谓语Weshouldhelpeachother.Theyrespectoneanother.Allofthestudentslikethenovel.Didyouseemanypeoplethere?(2)、不及物动词作谓语Helefthereyesterday.You’redrivingtoofast.Theteachercamein,bookinhand.HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.(3)连系动词表状态Heisanexcellentteacher.Hersonisafriendofours.Oursisagreatcountry.Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.2、谓语的构成如下:(1)、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.(2)、复合谓语:(a)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要.如:Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.(b)由系动词加表语构成。如:Wearestudents.(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法:表语使用形容词,不用副词!例如:OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.(名词)Theyarebrotherandsister.Johniscaptainoftheteam.Isityours?(代词)一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一5WhatIwanttosayisthis.Thepoorboywasmyself.Theweatherhasturnedcold.(形容词)Thespeechisexciting.(分词)Threetimessevenistwentyone?(数词)Herfatherissixty-five.HisjobistoteachEnglish.(不定式)Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.Hishobby(爱好)isplayingfootball.(动名词)Myfavouritesportisswimming.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.(介词短语)注意:副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词!我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住。例如:Timeisup.Theclassisover.(副词)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.(表语从句)(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如:Theywenttoseeanexhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretendednottoseeme.(不定式短语)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.(动名词短语)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.(宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子:givemeabook.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一6(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整,宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法:宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.(形容词)Youmustkeepitclean.Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.Letthefreshairin.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.(不定式短语)Ihavealotofworktodo.Shehasplentyofclothestowear.HemademerepeatthestoryWesawherenteringtheroom.(现在分词)Ihavethecarwaiting.Whydon’tyouhaveyourhaircut?(-ed分词)Wehadthemachinerepaired.IhadmywatchstolenyesterdayWefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.(介词短语)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.(从句)(注意:后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等;后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,get,think,make等;动词不定式作宾语补足语时,当谓语动词为感官动词如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等,使役动词如let,have,make等,动词不定式不带to。)(七)定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,是句子中的次要成分。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般有形容词,形容词性物主代词、副词、数词、介词短语、动一对一授课N对一辅导专业专一铸就统一7词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。一句话语法:定语使用形容词例如:Guilinisabeautifulcity.(形容词)Mr.Greenhastwosons.(数词)Themandownstairscouldn’tsleepwell.(副词)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.(分词)Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.(名词)Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.(不定式短语)Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)Abarkingdogseldombites.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.(介词短语)ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?(从句)(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。一句话语法:状语用副词,不用形容词,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或状语从句来充当。例如:Lighttravelsmostquickly.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.(介词短语)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.(不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.(分词短语)Waitaminute.(名词)Onceyoube