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ARoseForEmilyWilliamFaulkner威廉.福克斯WilliamFaulknerßHisgrowth:Borninawealthyfamily,Mississippi/theAmericanDeepSouth/riseandfall/aFaulknerianworld/nostalgia(怀旧)/impendingdoom即将发生的命运ßHiscreation:familyhistory/prototypes原型/thetownofOxford(Jefferson)/Hisgreat-grandfather,WilliamClarkFalkner(ColonelSartoris)/MaryLouiseNeilson&JackBarrona,Yankeestreetpaver铺路工(Emily&Homer)ßHisconcerns:southernaristocratic贵族families/AmericanSouth/humansituation/spiritualdeterioration心灵的恶化/lossoflove/wantofemotionalresponse情绪反应ßPrizewinner：twoPulitzer普利策Prizes,aNationalBookAward,andtheNobelPrizeforLiterature(1950)PlotreviewSection1ßEmily'sfuneralasabigeventßthehouseandherdistinguished受人尊敬的familyßtaxincident事件&thevisitbythedeputation代表团Section2ßsmellinEmily'shouse&complaints抱怨intheneighborhood&actionstakentodoawayßdeathofEmily'sfather&herdelayeddisposal推迟处理Section3ßEmily'ssicknessbeforedatingwithHomerbarron&passionate热烈的loveßthepurchaseofarsenic砒霜Section4ßwidespreadrumors传闻inthetownßtheabsolutereclusive孤独的lifeofEmilySection5ßdeathofMissEmilywithherhouseviolentlyinvadedßdiscoveryofthemurder&hernecrophilia(恋尸癖)ClosereadingßMissEmily'sfatherßherappearance外貌andcharacterßthewomeninhertownßtheattitudeofhertownspeopleßherhouseßvisual看得见的violence:Emilyvs.townsfolk镇民ßvoiceofMissEmilyßthenarratorEmily'sappearanceß“afallenmonument”(p.9)倒下的纪念碑ßthedeputation'svisit(p.10)ßEmilyindrugstore(p.14)ßSymbolsforthetownspeopleßAlienated感到孤独的bodyßDerogatory贬义的terms:bias偏见/stereotype陈规旧习Emily'shouseßabig,squarishframehouse方木屋/location位置ßaneyesore难看的东西amongeyesoresßtheattractionandfocusofthetown(p.11/16/)ßthecapturedhouse(p.16/17)ßWhatdoesherhousesymbolize?ßShelter居所:privacy隐居/homeßlongpast/memoryßdignitynottobeoffendedßfortress堡垒ßprisonEmily'sfatherßacrayonportrait蜡像(p.10)ßfatherclutchingahorsewhip马鞭(P.12)ßfathervs.youngmen(p.12)ßtheinfluenceofthefather(p.15)ßEmily'sdeadbody&father'sfaceßabsent&present:HEisalwaysthere.TheladiesinJeffersonßthecuriouswomen(p.9)ßonlyawomancouldhavebelievedit(p.9)ßladieswithmixedfeelings(p.14/15)ßladiesasinvaders(p.16/17)ßDotheyreallycareabouttheirsister?ßThefemalespectators:visualpleasureßSpitefulgossips(thetownspeople)ßObservers,commentators,supervisors,interventionistsßComplicity合谋者ßsuccessorsofEmily’sfathervisualviolenceß“toseetheinsideofherhouse”9ß“acrayonportrait”10ß“lookedback/staredat/lookedhimeyeforeye/lookedaway”14ß“wesatbacktowatchdevelopments/AneighborsawtheNegroman/wewouldseeheratawindow”15ß“Daily,monthly,yearly,wewatchedtheNegro…/lookingornotlookingatus…/theirquick,curiousglances”16ß“lookingdownattheprofoundandfleshlessgrin”17ß“wesawalongstrand股ofiron-gray铁灰色的hair.”ßGaze(凝视):apsychoanalytical心理分析term/JacquesLacan/anxiousstatethatcomeswiththeawarenessthatonecanbeviewed/thesubjectlosesadegreeofautonomyuponrealizingthatheorsheisavisibleobject/mirrorstage/achildencounteringamirrorrealizesthatheorshehasanexternalappearance外貌/gazeeffectproducedbyanyconceivable可想向的objectsuchasachairoratelevisionscreen,eyeball.ßMalegaze:LauraMulvey/”VisualPleasureandNarrativeCinema”/genderpowerasymmetryinfilm/womenobjectified使具体化infilmbecauseheterosexual异性恋的menwereincontrolofthecamera/voyeurism(窥淫癖)andscopophilia(窥视)/influentialinfeministfilmtheoryandmediastudies/curves曲线ofawoman'sbody/anerotic性欲的objectforcharacterswithin&thespectatorswithout/passivetotheactivegazefromtheman/gazervs.gazedßFemalegaze:womenlookatthemselvesthroughtheeyesofmen/malegazeasamanifestation示威ofunequalpowerbetweengazerandgazed,orasanattempttodevelopthatinequality不平等的/awomanwhowelcomesanobjectifyinggazemaybesimplyconformingtonorms准则establishedtobenefitmen/toreducearecipienttoanobject/Welcomingsuchobjectification客观化maybeviewedasakin相似的toexhibitionism(裸露癖)MissEmily:aspectacleThreekindsofgazeßHerfather’sportrait:aneyeofpatriarchal家长的power/thetownspeoplefromthesameperspectiveßThefemalegazeßThegazeofthereaders:voice/takeEmilywithapinchofsalt有保留地EmilythegazedinthehouseßAneyeforaneyeßAbattleforvisualpowerßAnobjecttobeasubjectßWomanwarriorEmily’svoiceßRole-play:IfyouwereEmily,howwouldyoutellyourstory?ßThesilencedheroine女主角:voicevs.silenceßTheater剧场oftheabsurd(荒诞剧):PanJinlian《潘金莲----一个女人的沉沦史》魏明伦ß剧中人：潘金莲、武松、武大郎、西门庆、张大户、王婆、泼皮甲、泼皮乙、泼皮丙ß剧外人：吕莎莎、施耐庵、武则天、安娜﹒卡列尼娜、女庭长、贾宝玉、芝麻官、现代阿飞、红娘、上官婉儿ß女庭长：按照法律程序进行调解。ß吕莎莎：夫妻毫无爱情基础，调解仍然无效呢？ß女庭长：根据《婚姻法》第25条，批准离婚。ß吕莎莎：可是紫石街上没有人民法庭，潘金莲出路何在？ß女庭长：她只有三条路可走。ß吕莎莎：一？ß女庭长：悬梁投江，快性自杀？ß吕莎莎：二？ß女庭长：终生痛苦，慢性自杀？ß吕莎莎：都不幸，第三条路呢？ß女庭长：这就是下一场她选择的险路-----不幸人，求幸福，不择手段，先受害，后害人，走向深渊。听雷声催成谋夫案，看闪电扭曲潘金莲。ß潘金莲：ß霹雳震，孽债逼人山压顶，电光闪，欲海越陷越深沉。盼长久，怕离分，舍不得巫山云雨迷魂阵，割不断热恋狂欢枕席情。破罐破摔走险径，跟西门就学西门，这世道教人手要狠，当初我人善被人坑，人坑我，我坑人，不幸人渐起杀人心！安娜：不幸的女人，别杀人啊，要杀就自杀吧！潘金莲：你是谁？安娜：我站在地球另一边，我站在历史那一段，做着非常荒诞的梦，时光倒转，同病相怜。请随我卧向那冰凉的铁轨，看列车穿过俄罗斯的平原……ß安娜：我死了-----净化了灵魂，解脱了苦难。这才是女人唯一的出路，是上帝为弱者规定的法典。砒霜自吞下，死神在召唤，阿门！再见！地狱再见……ß武则天：男女间太不平于此可见。为什么有夫权绝无妻权？尚方剑，尚方剑-----砍不动三从四德旧法典……ß众人：刀下留人！ß武则天：罪不当死！ß张大户：罪该万死！ß贾宝玉：罪在世道！ß张大户：罪在女人！ß芝麻官：清官难断？ß阿飞：下“零件‘，放血！ß女庭长：一部沉沦史，千年封建根。ß想救难挽救，同情不容情。ß覆辙不可蹈，野史教训深。ß施耐庵：本书不管后代事，武松动手，杀！ß吕莎莎：吉他变调弹古音，是非且听百家鸣……Grotesque怪诞奇异风格grotesque:charactersinducebothempathy同感anddisgust反感.(Acharacterwhoinspiresdisgustaloneiss