医学考博2019真题

Listening：无Vocabulary：SectionA31.AccordingtotheGeneva______noprisonersofwarshallbesubjecttoabuse.A.CustomsB.CongressesC.ConventionsD.Routines32.Environmentalofficialsinsistthatsomethingbedoneto______acidrain.A.curbB.sueC.detoxifyD.condemn33.Itisimpossibletosayhowitwilltakeplace,becauseitwillhappen______,anditwillnotbealongprocess.A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.principallyD.approximately34.Diabetesisoneofthemost______andpotentiallydangerousdiseaseintheworld.A.crucialB.virulentC.colossalD.prevalent35.Rheumatologistadvisesthatthosewithongoingachesandpainsfirstseekmedicalhelpto______theproblem.A.affiliateB.alleviateC.aggravateD.accelerate36.Howisitpossiblethatsuch______deceptionhascometotakeplacerightunderournoses?A.obviousB.significantC.necessaryD.widespread37.NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom______onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.A.configurationB.constitutionC.condemnationD.contamination38.Chronichigh-doseintakeofvitaminAhasbeenshowntohave______effectsonbones.A.adverseB.prevalentC.instantD.purposeful39.Generally,vaccinemakers_____thevirusinfertilizedchickeneggsinaprocessthatcantakefourtosixmonths.A.penetrateB.designateC.generateD.exaggerate40.Wearemuchquickertorespond,andwerespondfartooquicklybygiving______toouranger.A.ventB.impulseC.temperD.offenceSectionB41.Thepatient'sconditionhasworsenedsincelastnight.A.improvedB.returnedC.deterioratedD.changed42.BeijingTelevision-StationTransmittingTowerreallylooksmagnificentatnightwhenit’slitup.A.decoratedB.illustratedC.illuminatedD.entertained43.Attemptstorestrictparkinginthecitycentrehavefurtheraggravatedtheproblemoftrafficcongestion.A.amelioratedB.aggregatedC.deterioratedD.duplicated44.Theapplicationsofgeneticengineeringareabundantandchoosingoneappropriateforthiscasecanberatherdifficult.A.sufficientB.plentifulC.adequateD.countable45.Thedefectoccursinthefirsteightweeksofpregnancy,thoughnooneunderstandswhy.A.deficitB.deviationC.drawbackD.discrepancy46.Hehasbeenonhormonealternatetherapyforfouryearsandlooksfantastic.A.successorB.replacementC.surrogateD.choice47.Ithadover2,000apartmentcomplexes,agreatmarket,alargenumberofindustrialworkshops,anadministrativecenter,anumberofmassivereligiousedifices,andaregulargridpatternofstreetsandbuildings.A.ancientB.carefullyC.verylargeD.carefullyprotected48.Whenpatientsspendextendedperiodsinhospital,theytendtobecomeoverlydependentandloseinterestintakingcareofthemselves.A.extremelyB.exclusivelyC.exactlyD.explicitly49.Theanxiousparentwasvigilantovertheinjuredchildinspiteofafullarrayofemergencyroomofdoctorsandnurses.A.preoccupiedB.unwaryC.watchfulD.dozing50.Thedoctorvacillatedsofrequentlyondisease-preventiontechniquesthathiscolleaguesaccusedhimofinconsistency.A.waveredB.instigatedC.experimentedD.reliedClozeWespendalotoftimelookingattheeyesofothersforsocial51—ithelpsusunderstandaperson’emotions,andmakedecisionsabouthowtorespondtothem.Wealsoknowthatadultsavoideyecontactwhenanxious.Butresearchershaveknownfar52abouteyegazingpatternsinchildren.AccordingtonewresearchbyKalinaMichalska,assistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Riverside,wenow,knowthatanxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact,andthishasconsequencesforhowtheyexperiencefear.The53andlessfrequentlytheylookattheeyesofothers,themorelikelytheyaretobeafraidofthem,evenwhentheremaybenoreasontobe.Herstudy,“AnxietySymptomsandChildren'sEyeGazeDuringFearLeaming”,waspublishedinthejournalTheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry.Lookingatsomeone’seyeshelpsusunderstandwhetherapersonisfeelingsad,angry,fearful,orsurprised.Asadults,wethenmakedecisionsabouthowtorespondandwhattodonext.But,weknowmuchlessabouteyepatternsinchildren—so,understandingthosepatternscanhelpuslearnmoreaboutthedevelopmentofsociallearning,”Michalskasaid.Michalskaandtheteamofresearchersshowed82children,9to13yearsold,imagesoftwowomen’sfacesonacomputerscreen.Thecomputerwasequippedwithaneyetrackingdevicethatallowedthemtomeasure54onthescreenchildrenwerelooking,andforhowlong.Theparticipantswereoriginallyshowneachofthetwowomenatotaloffourtimes.Next,oneoftheimageswas55withaloudscreamandafearfulexpression,andtheotheronewasnot.Attheend,childrensawbothfacesagainwithoutanysoundorscream.Thefollowingthreeconclusionscanbedrawnfromthestudy:1.Allchildrenspentmoretimelookingattheeyesofafacethatwaspairedwiththeloudscreamthanthefacethatwasnotpairedwiththescream,56theypayattentiontopotentialthreatsevenintheabsenceofoutwardcues.2.Childrenwhoweremoreanxiousavoidedeyecontactduringallthreephasesoftheexperiment,forbothkindsoffaces.Thishadconsequencesforhowafraidtheywereofthefaces.3.Themorechildrenavoidedeyecontact；themoreafraidtheywere57thefaces.Theconclusionssuggestthatchildrenspendmoretimelookingattheeyesofafacewhenpreviouslypairedwithsomethingfrighteningsuggestingtheypaymoreattentiontopotentiallythreateninginformationasawaytolearnmoreaboutthesituationandplanwhattodonext.However,anxiouschildrentendtoavoidmakingeyecontact,whichleadstogreater58experience.Eventhoughavoidingeyecontactmayreduceanxiety59,thestu