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直接引语和间接引语直接引语就是直接引用别人的话。间接引语就是用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语多为宾语从句。1.直接引语变间接引语的方法(1)直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。(that可省略)Shesaid,“Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.”→Shesaid(that)theirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.(2)直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。(宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）Hesaid,“Canyouswim,John”→HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim.“Youhavefinishedthehomework,haven’tyou”mymotherasked.→MymotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedthehomework.Heasked,“Doyougotoschoolbybusorbybike”→HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.Shesays,“IsTomanEnglishman”→Sheaskswhether/ifTomisanEnglishman.注：主句引述动词是say时，要改为ask或wonder等。(3)直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）Sheaskedme,“Whendotheyhavetheirdinner”→Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.(4)直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell/ask/ordersb.(not)todosth.”句型。“Don’tmakeanynoise,”shesaidtothechildren.→Shetold(ordered)thechildrennottomakeanynoise.“Bringmeacupoftea,please,”shesaid.→Sheaskedhimtobringheracupoftea.2.直接引语变间接引语的基本要领人称代词和物主代词的变化、时态的变化、指示代词、动词的变化及时间、地点状语的变化等。(1)人称的变化一般地，直接引语的第一人称随主句中的主语而改变；第二人称随主句的宾语而改变；第三人称不用改变，可简单记为“一主二宾三不变”。Shesaid.“Mybrotherwantstogowithme.”→Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.HesaidtoKate，Howisyoursisternow→HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen.Mr.Smithsaid，“Jackisagoodworker.”→Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodworker.(2)时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。①当主句为一般现在时或一般将来时态时，间接引语可按需要使用任何时态。Shesays,“IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth”→ShesaysshewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”→Hewillsaytheboywaslazy.②当主句为过去时态时，间接引语则一般都改成过去的一种时态，其变化见下表：直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时Hesaid,“Iamsorry.”→Hesaidhewassorry.Ninatoldme,“Lisaisstudyingabroad.”→NinatoldmethatLisawasstudyingabroad.③当主句为过去时态时，间接引语为转述客观真理或是表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时，经常用一般现在时。Hesaid,“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.”→Hesaidlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.(3)指示代词、动词的变化及时间、地点状语的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake时间状语todaythatdaythismorningthatmorningtonightthatnightnowthenyesterdaythedaybeforelastnightthenightbeforethedaybeforeyesterdaytwodaysbeforeagobeforetomorrowthenext/followingdaynextweekthenextweekTheteacheraskedhim,“Didyoucometoschoolyesterday”→Theteacheraskedhimif/whetherhehadcometoschoolthedaybefore.Hesaid,“Ilikethisbook”→Hesaidthathelikedthatbook.直接引语变间接引语专项练习把下列句子变为间接引语。1．Shesaid:“Hewillbebusy.”2．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”3．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”4．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”5．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.6．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”7．Isaidtohim,“Ihavefinishedit.”8．Shesaidtous,“I’llcomeheretomorrow.”9．“Lighttravelsfasterthansound,”thephysicsteachersaidtotheboysandgirls.10．“Willyougototheconcertwithmethisevening”Maryaskedme.11．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme”12．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis”13．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”14.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays”heasked.15.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.16.“Don’ttellhimthenews.”shesaid.17.WearegoingtostudyinAustralianextmonth.”theysaid.18.I'mcheckingyourhomeworknow.”hismothersaid.各种时态一、一般现在时；Ialwaystakeawalkaftersupper。Shewritestomeveryoften二、一般过去时；Wevisitedtheschoollastspring。IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool。三、一般过去时；Wevisitedtheschoollastspring。IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasinmiddleschool。直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时：shall|will+动词原型过去将来时：would+动词原型现在进行时：is、am、are+现在分词过去进行时：were|was+现在分词现在完成时：have|has+过去分词过去完成时：had+过去分词过去完成时：had+过去分词过去完成时：had+过去分词1.Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.3.ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.4.Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.5.Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.6.HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.7.ItoldhimIhadfinishedit.8.Shetoldusshewouldcomeherethenextday.9.Thephysicsteachertoldtheboysandgirlsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.10.Maryaskedmeif/whetherIwouldgototheconcertwithherthatevening.11.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.12.Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.13.Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.14.HeaskedmewhereIhadbeenthosedays.15.Hetoldthechildrentostopmakingsomuchnoise.16.Shetoldmenottotellhimthenews.17.TheysaidtheyweregoingtostudyinAustraliathenextmonth.18.Hismothersaidshewascheckinghishomeworkthen.