1专题12肢体障碍和病弱儿童TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.2知识框架•第一节肢体障碍儿童•第二节病弱儿童TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.3一、肢体障碍儿童概念肢体障碍儿童,是指因四肢残缺或四肢、躯干麻痹、畸形,而导致人体运动系统不同程度的功能丧失或障碍的儿童。或称“肢体残疾儿童”。肢体障碍会导致身体运动能力以及一种或多种生活能力受影响。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.4二、肢障类型按照肢体障碍发生的部位,肢障包括:1.上肢或下肢因外伤、病变而引起的截肢或先天性的残缺;2.上肢或下肢因外伤、病变或发育异常所致的畸形或功能障碍;3.脊椎因外伤、病变或发育异常所致的畸形或功能障碍;4.中枢和周围神经系统因外伤、病变或发育异常造成的躯干或四肢的功能障碍。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.5按照残疾对多种动作技巧的影响程度,肢体障碍包括:1.轻度肢体障碍:自行行走2.中度肢体障碍:拐杖及支架行走3.严重肢体障碍:轮椅和协助TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.6TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.7级别程度计分一级肢体残疾完全不能实现日常生活活动0-2二级肢体残疾基本上不能实现日常生活活动3-4三级肢体残疾能够实现部分日常生活活动5-6四级肢体残疾基本上能够实现日常生活活动7-8TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.8肢体残疾标准『相关文件』1987年,全面残疾人抽样调查小组对肢体残疾的分类中国残疾人联合会文件〔1995〕残联组联字第61号《关于统一制发中华人民共和国残疾人证的通知》TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.9四、致残原因绝大多数是由于脑神经和脊椎神经的损伤和肌肉的萎缩造成的;小部分是由于意外的肢骨折断、肢体切除或者关节病损所致。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.101.脑中枢麻痹症2.小儿麻痹症(脊髓灰质炎)3.骨骼和肌肉疾病4.先天性畸形畸足脊柱裂TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.11五、个性特征肢体障碍学生面临较多的心理冲击情绪反应包括焦虑、否认、忧伤、沮丧、愤怒、攻击、以及无助感。需要周围亲友的情感支持和帮助。具体来说:TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.12活动领域及生活空间较一般同伴狭隘,可能在情绪上产生自我封闭的现象。生活许多方面需要他人协助,或因为他人的好奇眼光以及取笑,而产生自卑感或自我贬抑的现象。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.13肢体障碍儿童在心理上有寻求独立的想法,生活上却需要他人协助,因此可能产生矛盾、缺乏安全感,以及不确定感。肢体障碍者尽管很努力,却又担心身体上的缺陷会影响人际关系,形成心理上的紧张和冲突。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.14六、医疗与护理根据不同严重程度的肢体障碍,采取相应的护理或治疗方法特别注意肢体残疾者的个人卫生,防止交叉感染和生病TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.15七、教育与训练(一)教育安置1.特殊班级2.特殊学校3.床边教学TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.16(二)教育训练增强体力,保持健康;扩大活动范围,掌握工具,如轮椅、拐杖;发展社会交往能力;培养听、说、写的能力,掌握一定的文化知识;进行某些职业训练。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.171.安全教育课程2.生活课程3.文化课4.功能训练课5.艺术训练课6.职业教育课18第二节病弱儿童的教育TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.19一、病弱儿童的概念指罹患慢性疾病(心脏病、气喘、肾脏病、癫痫、血液病、脑性痲痹等)或体质虚弱,致接受教育发生一定困难的儿童病弱,亦称为身体孱弱、身体虚弱病弱儿童四肢健全,但由于身体虚弱仍不能正常地参加学习和活动。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.20肢体残疾VS病弱儿童肢体障碍指上肢、下肢或躯干之功能有部分或全部障碍,导致影响学习。无能力!身体病弱指罹患慢性疾病,体能虚弱,须长期疗养,以致影响学习者。心有余而力不足!TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimportantthoughtofthreerepresentsandthespiritofthe16thCPCNationalCongressandthethirdPlenarysessionofthe16thCPCCentralCommittee.21二、病弱儿童行为表现1.长期多病而经常缺课或长期连续缺席。2.异常肥胖、瘦弱,或发育不良,以及肢体活动障碍。3.身体经常显得虚弱,容易晕倒。4.轻微运动就心跳加速、呼吸困难、甚至面色发紫。TheguidingideologyshouldbeguidedbyDengXiaoping'stheory,theimp