Computer-Vision计算机视觉英文ppt

ComputerVisionComputervisionresearchAttheendofthe1950s,computershadbecameanimportanttoolforhumanbeingstorealizethehumanintelligenceandhumanperception,withthehelpofcomputer,Forthefirsttime,humanbeingscanrealizetheextensionofmentalandperceptualabilityaswellastheextensionofphysicalstrengthwiththeaidofthemachine.thesimulationofhumanvisualperceptionleadstothegenerationofcomputervision.Specifically,computervisionwillachievethreebasicpurpose.1Thefirstpurposeistocalculatethedistancefromtheobservationpointtotheobjectaccordingtooneormore2Dimages;2ThesecondpurposeistocalculatetheMotionparametersfromtheobservationpointtotheobjectaccordingtooneormore2Dimages;3Thethirdpurposeistocalculatethephysicalcharacteristicsfromtheobservationpointtotheobjectaccordingtooneormore2Dimages;Therearetwoultimategoalthatcomputervisionwillrealize,theycanbesimplydescribedasfollow:oneistorealizetheunderstandingoftheworld,inotherwords,itcanrealizesomefunctionsofthehumanvisualsystem;theotheristorebuildthethreedimensionalobjectaccordingtothetwo-dimensionalprojectionimages.Historyofcomputervision1950s:inthisperiod,statisticalpatternrecognitionismostappliedincomputervision,itmainlyfocuseontheanalysisandidentificationoftwo-dimensionalimage,suchas:opticalcharacterrecognition,thesurfaceoftheworkpiece,theanalysisandinterpretationoftheaerialimage.1960s:Roberts(1965)useacomputerprogramtoextractethethree-dimensionalstructureofapolyhedronfromthedigitalimages.healsodescribetheshapeandthespatialrelationshipofobjects.Robertscreatedanewsituationfortheresearchofcomputervision.hispurposeofresearchbegantobecometheunderstandingthethree-dimensionalscene.thecreativeresearchfortheblocksworldgivepeoplegreatinspiration.manypeoplebelievethatoncethethree-dimensionalworldmadeupofthewhitebuildingblocktoycouldbeunderstandable.sitalsocanbeextendedtounderstandmorecomplex3Dscene.theresearchscopeoftheblockworldisextensive.itincludesthefeatureextractionofedgeandcorner,thegeometricfactoranalysisoflineandplane.Italsobuildavarietyofdatastructuresandinferencerules.Inthemiddleof70's,artificialintelligence(AI)laboratoryofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)officiallyopenedthemachinevisioncourse.Atthesametime,AIMITlaboratoryhasattractedmanyfamousscholarsfromtheworldtoparticipateintheresearchofmachinevision,whichincludedthetheoryofmachinevision,algorithmanddesignofsystem.ProfessorDavidMarrin1973wasinvitedtoleadaresearchteamwhichisconsistedofdoctoralstudentsintheMITAILab.in1977,DavidMarrputforwardanewcomputervisiontheorywhichisdifferentfromthepasttheorywhichisbuildontheanalysismethodofblocksworld.inthe1980s,histheoryhadbecomeaveryimportanttheoreticalframeworkinthefieldofmachinevision.Changesinthenameofapublicationcanreflecttheprogressofcomputervision:1972,CGIP(computergraphicsandimageprocessing)publication;In1983,itsnameisCVGIP(computervision,graphicsandimageprocessing);In1991,thepublicationisdividedintotwoversions,whichareCVGIP-GMIP(graphicsmodelandimageprocessing)andCVGIP-IU(imageunderstanding);In1995,thepublicationbecometwomagazine.theformernamedGMIP(graphicsmodelandimageprocessing),thelatternamedCVIU(computervisionandimageunderstanding).Theupsurgeofresearchoncomputervisionbeganin1980s,andinthemiddleof80's,thecomputervisionhasdevelopedrapidly,newconcepts,newmethodsandnewtheorieshaveemerged.Sofar,computervisionisstillaveryactiveresearcharea.AdvancesincomputervisionresearchAfternearly50years,researchincomputervisionhasmadeconsiderableachievements.ThismakesthefieldtobecomethemostactivepartoftheAIresearchinthepast40years.Itsmainstreamresearchisdividedintothreestages:Stage1:Researchonthevisualbasicmethod,whichtakethemodelworldasthemainobject;Stage2:Researchonvisualmodel,whichisbasedonthecomputationaltheory;Stage3:Researchonthecomputervisionmethodwiththegoalofapplication;stage1In1965,Robertsuseacomputerprogramtoextractethethree-dimensionalstructureofapolyhedronfromthedigitalimages.healsodescribetheshapeandthespatialrelationshipofobjects.IntheworkofRoberts,therelationshipbetween3Dobjectsand2Dimagingisintroduced,andsomesimplemethodsoffeatureextractionareintroduced.Later,peoplebegantomakesadeepstudyofblockworldandestablishavarietyofdatastructuresandinferencerules.Thescopeofthestudyisabroad,whichincludethefeatureextractionofedgeandcorner,geometricelementsanalysisoflineandflatsurface,surface.,Thestudyofblockworldreflectssomeofthecharacteristicsofearlyvisualresearch,thatisstartingfromasimplifiedworld.Theworkinthisperiodhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofcomputervision,butitisdifficulttoworkforaslightlycomplexscene.Researchonthisstageisbasedontheanalysisofthreedimensionalspatialrelations,moerover,analysisofthree-dimensionalrelationshipisonlyrelyonsimpleconstraintrelations.stage2Beginningin1970s,thestudyofcomputervisionbegintocomeintoamorerationalstage.1peoplebegintostudytheimagingmethodsfromthepointofviewofphysiology,opticsandprojectivegeometry.2Reasearchismainlyconcentratedintherecoveryofthevariousintrinsiccharacteristics,includingtherecoveryofthree