直接引语间接引语

直接引语与间接引语Directspeech&Indirectspeech一、定义1.直接引语directspeech直接用引号引用别人说的话e.g.Shesaid,“Iwillcomebacknextmorning.”2.间接引语indirectspeech间接引用,转述别人说的话e.g.Hesaysthathelikesreadingnovels.(宾语从句)二、直接引语转化为间接引语1.人称代词的转变e.g.Hesays,“Ilikereadingnovels.”→Hesaysthathelikesreadingnovels.（逻辑上的变化，参考汉语上的变化）a．引句部分为陈述句时，添加关系词that此时的that无实际意义可省略e.g.Hesays,“Ilikereadingnovels.”→Hesays(that)helikesreadingnovels.e.g.Shesays,”Weareveryfondofsports.”→Shesays(that)theyareveryfondofsports.e.g.Theteacheroftensaystous,“Youshouldnevergiveup.”→Theteacheroftensaystous(that)weshouldnevergiveup.2.关系词的变化b．引句部分为一般疑问句，添加关系词if/whether（是否），不能省略e.g.Sheasks,“IsTomfromAmerica?”→Sheasksif/whetherTomisfromAmerica.(此时if/whether已经表达了疑问的语气，所以后面的间接引语部分用陈述句语序：关系词+主+谓+其它)if和whether一般可通用，但whether可以和ornot连用，if不能。例：Iaskedherwhethershehadvisitedthemuseumtwodaysbeforeornot.e.g.Myteacheraskedme,“DoyoulikeAmericancountrymusic?”→Myteacheraskedmeif/whetherIlikedAmericancountrymusic.e.g.“Doyouhaveadictionary?”heasked.→HeaskedwhetherIhadadictionary.C.引语部分为特殊疑问句，引用原特殊疑问词，同样注意间接引语部分应用陈述句语序e.g.“Mary,whenwillyoureturnmethebook?”,asksJohn.→JohnasksMarywhenshewillreturnhimthebook.e.g.“Whathappenedjustnow?”askedshe.→Sheaskedwhathadhappenedjustnow.(间接引语部分what也充当主语，且时态往前推一层)Heasked,“Howdoyoufindit,mother?”→Heaskedhismotherhowshefoundit.Sheaskedme,“What'sthematterwithyou?”→Sheaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.”Howmanybooksdoyouhave?”sheasked.→SheaskedmehowmanybooksIhad.d.祈使句的间接引语1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell,ask,order,command,request等词，句中please去掉。e.g.Shesaidtome,“Pleasehavearest.”→Sheaskedmetohavearest.e.g.”Don'tansweratonce”,shesaidtothepupils.→Shetoldthepupilsnottoansweratonce.3.时态变化a.当主句部分为一般现在时，原引句转化为间接引语时时态不变；当主句部分为一般过去时，原引句转化为间接引语时时态发生相应的变化一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时一般过去时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时e.g.Shesaid,”Ilikemathsverymuch.”(一般现在时)→Shesaidthatshelikedmathsverymuch.(一般过去时)e.g.Hesaid,“I’veneverseenthisman.”（现在完成时）→Hesaidthathehadneverseenthatman.（过去完成时）e.g.Joesaid,”I’mlisteningtomusicinmyroom.”（现在进行时）→Joesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicinhisroom.（过去进行时）b.当主句部分为过去时，若原引句的内容是关于客观真理（一般现在时），习惯性的动作（一般现在时），历史事实（一般过去时）时，原引句转化为间接引语时的时态不随主句作变化e.g.Theteachertoldthestudentsthatthesunraisesfromtheeastandsetstothewest.e.g.Hetoldthedoctorthathesmokestwopackseveryday.e.g.TheteachersaidthattheWWIIendedin1945.(客观真理)(习惯性动作)(历史事实)4.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenbefore/earlierthatdaythenext/followingday直接引语间接引语thedayaftertomorrowyesterdaylastnightthedaybeforeyesterdaycomehereintwodays’timethedaybeforethenightbeforetwodaysbefore/earliergothere三、总结1.人称代词的变化2.关系词（that,if/whether,特殊疑问词）和陈述句语序（关系词+主+谓+其它）3.时态变化（客观真理，习惯性动作，历史事实除外）4.代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化Thankyouforyourtime!将下列直接引语转化为间接引语。1.“Myparentsareverywell.”saidTom.2.Heasked,“Tom,wheredidyoureadit?”3.Thedoctorsaid,”Stayinbedforafewdays.”4.Hesaid,”I’lltellAnnIsawyou.”5.“Ishedoinghishomework?”Jimasked.6.Tinasaid,”Iusuallygetupatsix.”7.Nellsaid,”Ihaveworkedoutthisproblem.”8.Joannasaid,”ProfessorBlackisgoingtogivealecturenextweek.”9.Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”10.Theboysaid,”ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.”