咽喉部解剖及生理窒息和喉阻塞的诊治ppt课件

AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.咽部、喉部解剖及生理中南大学湘雅医院耳鼻咽喉-头颈外科黄东海AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.咽部解剖上起颅底，下达第6颈椎水平呼吸和消化的共同通道。前面----鼻腔、口腔、喉后壁----椎前筋膜下端----环状软骨的下缘与食道入口连接分部：鼻咽、口咽、喉咽AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.鼻咽（nasopharynx)前壁：鼻中隔后缘、后鼻孔底壁：鼻咽峡顶后壁：蝶骨体、枕骨底、第1、2颈椎－－腺样体侧壁：咽鼓管咽口、咽鼓管圆枕、咽鼓管扁桃体、咽隐窝下方：口咽部AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.口咽（oropharynx）咽峡---上由悬雍垂、软腭的游离缘，下由舌背以及腭舌弓、腭咽弓共同围成的狭窄部分。腭扁桃体：见后详述咽侧索：每侧腭咽弓的后方的纵行条索状淋巴组织。口腔顶盖：硬腭和软腭口腔下方：舌AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.软腭主要肌肉功能•腭帆提肌、悬雍垂肌：关闭鼻咽腔•腭帆张肌、悬雍垂肌：开大咽腔•损伤上述肌肉则产生相应症状产生应症状AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.喉咽（larygopharynx）会厌谷----舌会厌外侧襞和舌厌正中襞之间，左右有两个浅凹陷。梨状窝-----位于喉口两侧的两个较深的隐窝。环后隙-----两侧梨状窝之间，环状软骨板之后方，其下方即为食道入口。喉口：组成AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.后面观侧面观喉腔喉腔会厌谷梨状窝梨状窝环后隙食道AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.咽的淋巴组织内环：淋巴组织有些聚丛成团，有些为淋巴滤泡散布在粘膜下，彼此有淋巴管相通，形成一环称内环，包括腭扁桃体、腺样体、舌扁桃体、咽鼓管扁桃体、咽侧索、咽后壁淋巴滤泡。外环：内环淋巴流向颈部淋巴，后者又相互交通自成一环，主要有咽后淋巴结、下颌角淋巴结、颏下淋巴结、颌下淋巴结等AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.内淋巴环（位于黏膜或黏膜下层）腺样体咽鼓管扁桃体侧淋巴索腭扁桃体舌根扁桃体淋巴滤泡AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.外淋巴环（位于咽部外膜层以外、颈部筋膜间隙之内）颌下淋巴结颏下淋巴结上颈深淋巴结AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.咽的生理学是消化和呼吸的通道呼吸功能吞咽功能语言形成防御保护功能调节中耳气压功能扁桃体免疫功能AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.喉部解剖喉(larynx)位于颈前正中，舌骨之下。上通喉咽，下连气管。是呼吸的重要通道，下呼吸道的门户。主要由软骨、肌肉、韧带、纤维结缔组织和粘膜等构成AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.喉的位置其上端为会厌上缘。下端为环状软骨下缘，在成人相当颈椎C3-C5平面。前方为皮肤、皮下组织、筋膜及肌肉所覆盖。两侧有甲状腺上端、胸锁乳突肌及頚部重要血管神经。后方和喉咽与颈椎相隔。AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.喉软骨构成喉的支架单个软骨：甲状软骨、环状软骨、会厌软骨成对软骨：杓状软骨、小角软骨、楔状软骨共九块AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.甲状软骨为喉部最大的软骨在男性甲状软骨前的角度较小，为直角或锐角，形成喉结；在女性则成钝角，喉结不明显。甲状软骨切迹：甲状软骨上缘正中有一“V”形凹陷，临床上常用来作为颈正中的标志。甲状软骨上角和下角AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.环状软骨形如戒指，前窄后宽，前为环状软骨弓，后为环状软骨板。是喉气管中唯一完整的环状软骨，对保持喉气管的通畅至关重要。AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.杓状软骨成对，左右各一，形如三角形椎体。其底部和环状软骨之间形成环杓关节。杓状软骨有声带突和肌突，它通过环杓关节滑动和旋转，带动声带，内收和外展。AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.会厌软骨通常呈叶片状，上宽下窄，稍卷曲，较硬。分为舌面和喉面，舌面组织疏松，炎症时肿胀明显。舌面和舌根间粘膜形成舌会厌襞，两侧为舌会厌谷。小儿呈卷曲状AstheonlybigagriculturalvillageinTiandingTownship,someachievementshavebeenmadethroughthebeneficialexplorationofvillagers'autonomyinfamilyplanningformorethanayear.喉韧带与膜甲状舌骨膜：为甲状软骨上缘和舌骨下缘之间的弹性纤维韧带组织。喉上动脉、喉上静脉、喉上神经喉内支穿经此膜两侧进入喉内。喉弹性膜：以喉室为界，以上的部分称方形膜，以下部分称弹性圆锥。方形