英国选举程序

英教三班徐静陈卓Theemergence:Britain’selectoralsystemistheresultofthemedievalBritain’shouseoftheCommonsincongresselection.Development：1.Afterthegloriousrevolutionin1688,landedaristocracymanipulatedtheparliamentelections.2.Inthe1830s,Britainthroughthefirstparliamentaryelectionreformbill,reducethepropertyofthevotersandcandidatesqualificationlimit,cancelsomerottenboroughs,givesomeemergingindustrialtown.Marktheindustrialbourgeoisieenteredparliamentforthefirsttime.Thisisthesignificantsteptosellbourgeoisdemocracy.Theemergenceanddevelopment3.Bythesecondreformactinthe1870s,theurbanpettybourgeoisieandtheurbanworkerswontherighttovote.4.Inthe1880s,throughthethirdreformact,theagriculturalworkerswontherighttovote.Britishmalebasicallyrealizedtheheadsoftherighttovote,representativedemocracyhasmaderapidprogressintheUKFirstisthenationalityrestrictions.AsavotermusthaveBritishcitizenship.Thesecondisagelimit.Inthecurrentlaw,theminimumagefor18asoneofthequalificationsThird,theresidencyrestrictions.Militaryvotersliveinthedistrictoftimelimitisatleastamonth,othervotersinthedistrictoftimelimitatleastthreemonthstolive.Fourisduetomentalproblemsandcriminalforfeitvotingbehaviorabilityandbehaviorofpeopledonothavethequalificationofvoters.Fifth,votersmustbythelegalleveltohavethequalificationofvoters.ThequalificationofvotersAccordingtothelawwaselectedtothestatepublicservantshavequalifiedcitizensasacandidate.Basicallyhasthefollowingseveralaspectsoneisthenationalityrestrictions.AsacandidatemusthaveBritishcitizenship..Thesecondisagelimit.Overtheageof21,peoplehavetherighttovote.Third,theresidencyrestrictions.Britishnolivingplaceandtimelimitforthecandidates.fourlimitedisaprofessionalandidentity.5itisduetomentalproblemsandcriminalincapacityqualificationandbehavior.Sixisregisteredasaqualifiedcandidatesforthecitizens.Sevenisdomesticdemandinadistricthave10votersjointnominees,toqualifyforthecandidate.Eightistoformallyasacandidatemustpaythedepositof150pounds.TheProcessInGreatBritain,mostelectorsareenrolledduringthecourseoftheannualcanvass（选票查核），whichElectoralRegistrationOfficers(选举登记官员)areobligedtoconducteveryyearbetweenAugustandNovember.AfterapplicationsarereceivedbytheElectoralRegistrationOfficer,he/shemustaddthemtoalistofapplications.（ElectoralRegister选民登记册）Thelistisopenforinspection（检查，审查）forfiveworkingdays.TheElectoralRegistrationOfficercaninitiateanapplicationhearing.（选举人听证会),ifhe/sheconsidersthattherearereasonableintegrityconcernsabouttheapplication.①RegistrationProcedure（选民登记程序）②CandidateSelection(候选人提名)Candidatesarechosenbytheirparticularpartyorstandasindependents.Candidatesaimtowinparticulargeographicareas(constituency选区)intheUnitedKingdom.EachconstituencyelectsoneMPbythe“firstpastthepost“(绝对多数当选制)systemofelection.③CampaigningUnitedKingdomgeneralelectionsareheldfollowingadissolutionofParliament(议会解散).Whenpoliticalpartieslaunchelectoralcampaigns,theyuseradio,television,newspapers,magazines,posters,leaflets,etc.tointroduceandsellthemselves.④PollingCitizens’votescanonlybecast(计票)eitherinperson(intheconstituencywheretheyareenrolledintheUnitedKingdom),orbyproxy(whomustresideinandbeeligibletovoteintheUK)orbypost(thisoptionislesspopularaspostalballot).⑤Post-election（公布选举结果）Pollscloseat10p.m.andthevotesare,inmostconstituencies,countedimmediately.Theearliestresultsaredeclaredbyabout11p.m.,withmosthavingbeendeclaredby3or4a.m.;someconstituenciesdonotdeclaretheirresultsuntilthefollowingday.Ifamajorityhasnotbeenachieved,anditisobviousthatanotherpartyhasthenumberstoformagovernment,thePrimeMinistersubmitsaresignation(递辞呈)totheMonarch.TheMonarchthencommissionstheleaderofthenewmajoritypartytoformanewgovernment.