必修五第三单元语法-过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语ThePastParticipleastheAdverbial必修五第三单元语法2018.10.91.Ilikereadingthenovels______(write)byZhangAiling.2.Thegirl______(write)aletterinthestudyismycousin.3.ThereissomethingwrongwithmycarandIhavetogetit_______(repair).writtenwritingrepairedFillintheblanks.4.Iwantthedoorsofmynewhouse______(paint)white.5.Hewas______(excite)atthegoodnews.paintedexcited_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.(安徽2013)A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.HavingfoundedFoundedintheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchilren’sloveofart.found(v.):tobuildAftertheschoolwasfoundedintheearly20thcentury,…过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。过去分词(pastparticiples)或过去分词短语(pastparticipialphrases)作状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等，它的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，过去分词所表示的动作与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。Whenitisseeninadistance,ourschoollooksquitebeautiful.Seeninadistance,ourschoollooksquitebeautiful.XingheMiddleSchool1.时间Becausehewasbroughtupinthecountryside,heisinterestedinbiology.Broughtupinthecountryside,heisinterestedinbiology.country2.原因相当于as,since,because引导的从句,这类状语多放在句子前半部分。Becauseitissungbymanypeople,thesongLittleAppleisquitepopularnow.________________,thesongLittleApple...Sungbymanypeople2.原因IfIamgivenanotherchance,IwilltellthegirlIloveher.Givenanotherchance,IwilltellthegirlIloveher.Givemeachance!3.条件假设相当于if,unless引导的从句Ifitisheatedintoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor._________________________,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedintoahightemperature3.条件watervaporAlthoughmymotherwaspersuadedtobuyaniphone6,shestilldoesn’tknowhowtouseit.Persuadedtobuyaniphone6,mymotherstilldoesn’tknowhowtouseit.iphone4.让步4.让步相当于though,although引导的从句。Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.Though/Althoughhewaslaughedatbymanypeople,…JerrycameintotheroomandhewasfollowedbyTom.Jerrycameintotoroom,followedbyTom.TomJerry5.方式，伴随注意过去分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语必须保持一致，否则分词短语就要有自己的逻辑主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构。请体会下列例句：1)当被问及为什么会迟到时，她的脸涨得通红。(1)Askedwhyshewaslate,herfacewentred.(2)Askedwhyshewaslate,shewentredintheface.2)小偷如果被抓，会受到警方的惩处。(1)Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(2)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.Whenshewasaskedwhyshewaslate,…Whenthethiefwascaught,…Ourhomeworkdone,wewenthome.Toomuchtimegiven,hewoulddoitbetter._______fromthehill,thecitylookslikeabiggarden.如果句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是主动关系,用_______，句子的主语和分词的逻辑主语是被动关系，用_________。现在分词过去分词重难点辨析（一）：主语一致_______fromthehill,youwillfindthecitylookslikeabiggarden.SeenSeeing1.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.2.A.SeeingB.Seen2.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.SeenWhen_______Londonatnight,you’reabitlikeinadream.When_______atnight,youmakesurethevisitorisreallyyourfriend.visitingvisited难点一独立成分作状语不用考虑主动被动有些分词作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。___________bythescore,thisgrouprankedfirst.(从……判断）类似的独立成分还有：generallyspeaking,franklyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering/taking…intoconsideration,totellyouthetruth,seeing,supposing,assuming等等。JudgingLost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.Surprisedatwhathadhappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.1，有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主语的状态。lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿着);2，由某些动词后面加-ed转化来的形容词也具有此用法。如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。难点（二）：不表被动的特殊情况重难点辨析（三）：过去分词(done)和现在分词完成被动式(havingbeendone)的区别1.Havingfinishedthehomework,Tomwentouttoplay.2.Laughedatbymanypeople,hecontinuedhisstudy.现在分词的完成被动式更强调分词动作明显先于谓语动作完成。分词做状语记忆口诀分词做状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用-ing,被动用-ed.having(been)done表先后，千万要牢记。1._____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose2.If_____thesametreatmentagain,he’ssuretogetwell.A.givingB.giveC.givenD.beinggiven3._____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.FoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.BeingfoundedD.FoundingPracticemakesperfect4.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall.A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared5.______time,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given6._______inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed7.Unless______tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited8._____moreattention,thetreecouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven.(2010)._____fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee(2010).____atmyclassmates'faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.A.LookingB.LookC.TolookD.Looked