科技英语PPT--转基因生物

转基因作物BackgroundParagraph1Paragraph2Paragraph3Paragraph4目录AParagraph6目录BParagraph5Paragraph7Byfarthemostcommongeneticallymodified(GM)organismsarecropplants.Butthetechnologyhasnowbeenappliedtoalmostallformsoflife,frompetsthatglowunderUVlighttobacteriawhichformHIV-blockinglivingcondomsandfrompigsbearingspinachgenestogoatsthatproducespidersilk.到目前为止最常见的转基因生物体是农作物。然而这项技术现在已经应用于几乎所有形态的生命,从宠物在紫外线照射下发光到构成HIV-blocking的“活的安全套”的细菌,从继承菠菜基因的猪到生产蜘蛛丝的山羊。Byfarthemostcommongeneticallymodified(GM)organismsarecropplants.Butthetechnologyhasnowbeenappliedtoalmostallformsoflife,frompetsthatglowunderUVlighttobacteriawhichformHIV-blockinglivingcondomsandfrompigsbearingspinachgenestogoatsthatproducespidersilk.到目前为止最常见的转基因生物体是农作物。然而这项技术现在已经应用于几乎所有形态的生命,从宠物在紫外线照射下发光到构成HIV-blocking的“活的安全套”的细菌,从继承菠菜基因的猪到生产蜘蛛丝的山羊。GMtomatoes,aspuree,firstappearedonBritishsupermarketshelvesin1996(adifferentfreshGMtomatofirstappearedintheUSin1994),buttheconsumerfurorethatsurroundedGMtechnologydidnoteruptuntilFebruary1999.ThiswasbecauseacontroversialstudysuggestedthatafewstrainsofGMpotatoesmightbetoxictolaboratoryrats.Thoseexperiments,subsequentlycriticisedbyotherexperts,werecarriedoutinScotlandbybiochemistArpadPustzai.转基因西红柿酱,在1996年第一次出现在英国的超市货架上(1994年不同的新鲜番茄在美国首次出现),但直到1999年2月消费者对基因技术的愤怒才爆发。这是因为一个颇有争议的研究表明,几株转基因土豆可能对实验室老鼠有毒。那些随后被其他专家批评了的实验由生化学家ArpadPustzai在苏格兰进行GMtomatoes,aspuree,firstappearedonBritishsupermarketshelvesin1996(adifferentfreshGMtomatofirstappearedintheUSin1994),buttheconsumerfurorethatsurroundedGMtechnologydidnoteruptuntilFebruary1999.ThiswasbecauseacontroversialstudysuggestedthatafewstrainsofGMpotatoesmightbetoxictolaboratoryrats.Thoseexperiments,subsequentlycriticisedbyotherexperts,werecarriedoutinScotlandbybiochemistArpadPustzai.转基因西红柿酱,在1996年第一次出现在英国的超市货架上(1994年不同的新鲜番茄在美国首次出现),但直到1999年2月消费者对基因技术的愤怒才爆发。这是因为一个颇有争议的研究表明,几株转基因土豆可能对实验室老鼠有毒。那些随后被其他专家批评了的实验由生化学家ArpadPustzai在苏格兰进行WhatfollowedwasaEuropeananti-GMfoodcampaignofnearreligiousfervour.SpearheadedintheUKbyenvironmentalgroupsandsomenewspapers,thecampaignwouldhavefar-reachingconsequences.ItculminatedinanunofficialmoratoriumonthegrowthandimportofGMcropsinEuropeandledtoatradedisputewiththeUS.随之而来的是一场接近宗教狂热的欧洲反对转基因食品运动。在英国环保团体和一些报纸的带领下,这场运动将产生深远的影响。非官方的禁止转基因作物的成长和进口在欧洲达到了高潮并且导致了与美国的贸易争端。WhatfollowedwasaEuropeananti-GMfoodcampaignofnearreligiousfervour.SpearheadedintheUKbyenvironmentalgroupsandsomenewspapers,thecampaignwouldhavefar-reachingconsequences.ItculminatedinanunofficialmoratoriumonthegrowthandimportofGMcropsinEuropeandledtoatradedisputewiththeUS.随之而来的是一场接近宗教狂热的欧洲反对转基因食品运动。在英国环保团体和一些报纸的带领下,这场运动将产生深远的影响。非官方的禁止转基因作物的成长和进口在欧洲达到了高潮并且导致了与美国的贸易争端。GMcropsaretodayveryrareinEurope,strictlabellinglawsandregulationsareinplaceforfood(DNAbarcodes),andpublicopiniontowardsthetechnologyremainslargelynegative.SeveralUKgovernmentreportshaveofferedqualifiedsupportforGMcropsandproduce,thoughtheyarguethattheeconomicbenefitsofthetechnologyarecurrentlysmall.SomeAfricannationshavealsoopposedengineeredcrops,eventothepointofrejectinginternationalfoodaidcontainingthem.今天在欧洲转基因作物是非常罕见的,在食品上严格的标签法律规定（DNA条码）但对技术的公众舆论仍然在很大程度上是消极的。几个英国政府报告说已经提供合格的支持转基因作物生产,尽管他们认为目前此技术的经济效益很小。一些非洲国家也反对转基因作物,甚至到了拒绝包含他们的国际粮食救援的程度。GMcropsaretodayveryrareinEurope,strictlabellinglawsandregulationsareinplaceforfood(DNAbarcodes),andpublicopiniontowardsthetechnologyremainslargelynegative.SeveralUKgovernmentreportshaveofferedqualifiedsupportforGMcropsandproduce,thoughtheyarguethattheeconomicbenefitsofthetechnologyarecurrentlysmall.SomeAfricannationshavealsoopposedengineeredcrops,eventothepointofrejectinginternationalfoodaidcontainingthem.今天在欧洲转基因作物是非常罕见的,在食品上严格的标签法律规定（DNA条码）但对技术的公众舆论仍然在很大程度上是消极的。几个英国政府报告说已经提供合格的支持转基因作物生产,尽管他们认为目前此技术的经济效益很小。一些非洲国家也反对转基因作物,甚至到了拒绝包含他们的国际粮食救援的程度。GMproducehasbeentakenupwithfarlessfussintheUS(whereitdoesnothavetobelabelled),India,China,Canada,Argentina,Australiaandelsewhere.HowevercontroversyoveratypeofGMcorn-onlyapprovedforanimalfeed-whichturnedupintacoshellsandotherproductsstirredopinionintheUS.转基因产品在美国(它不需要被贴标签)，印度，中国，加拿大，阿根廷，澳洲以及其他的地方不用大惊小怪。然而关于墨西哥玉米饼壳和其他产品的一种转基因玉米的争议激起的意见，只批准把作为动物饲料。GMproducehasbeentakenupwithfarlessfussintheUS(whereitdoesnothavetobelabelled),India,China,Canada,Argentina,Australiaandelsewhere.HowevercontroversyoveratypeofGMcorn-onlyapprovedforanimalfeed-whichturnedupintacoshellsandotherproductsstirredopinionintheUS.转基因产品在美国(它不需要被贴标签)，印度，中国，加拿大，阿根廷，澳洲以及其他的地方不用大惊小怪。然而在美国关于一种转基因玉米的争议，只批准把墨西哥玉米饼壳和其他产品作为动物饲料。Thehumanracehasmethodicallyimprovedcropplantsthroughselectivebreedingformanythousandsofyears,butgeneticengineeringallowsthattime-consumingprocesstobeacceleratedandexotictraitsfromunrelatedspeciestobeintroduced.Butnoteveryoneagreesthisisrepresentsprogress.人类通过几千年的选择性育种有条不紊地改善作物，但基因工程使这费时的过程加快和引进无关物种的外来特征。但并非每个人都同意这个代表进步。Thehumanracehasmethodicallyimprovedcropplantsthroughselectivebreedingformanythousandsofyears,butgeneticengineeringallowsthattime-consumingprocesstobeacceleratedandexotictraitsfromunrelatedspeciestobeintroduced.Butnoteveryoneagreesthisisrepresentsprogress.人类通过几千年的选择性育种有条不紊地改善作物，但