非谓语动词一、非谓语动词的概念非谓语形式有三种:1.动词不定式:todo表示目的和将来2、动词的ing(动名词):doing表示主动和进行3.动词的过去分词:done表示被动和完成二、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动todotohavedonetobedoing被动tobedonetohavebeendoneing形式主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendone过去分词被动done三、非谓语动词的做题步骤:1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done;之后常用todo;同时常用doing。一、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语:1).不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:________isagoodformofexerciseforbothyoungandold.A.ThewalkB.WalkingC.TowalkD.Walk2).不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,即用句型:Itis+adj./n.+(for/ofsb.)todosth.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’skindofyoutohelpus.注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:It’snogood/usedoingsth.Thereisnopoint(in)doingsth2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较:1)、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如:Myjobisteaching/toteachEnglish.(teaching/toteachEnglish是myjob的内容)Knowingwhowearemeansknowingwhatweliketodo.(主,表语要用同一种形式)2)、分词作表语:记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise(使某人吃惊),surprising(令人吃惊),surprised(主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite(激动),astonish(惊奇),shock(震惊),scare(惊恐),disappoint(失望),move(感动)如:Themovieisexciting.Weareexcitedatthenews.3)、在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove/turnout(被证明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如:Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.二、不定式、动名词作宾语的比较1、只能接不定式的动词:口诀:决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。decied(determine),learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help.2、只能接动名词的动词:口诀:考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon;admit,delay,putoff,fancy(想象,设想);avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can’thelp,mind,allow/peremit,escape3、接不定式和接动名词意义不同的动词:remembertodo记得去做rememberdoing记得做过;forgettodo忘记去做forgetdoing忘记做过regrettodo遗憾去做regretdoing后悔做过trytodo设法去做trydoing试着做,goontodo做完某事接着做另一件事goondoing继续做同一件事meantodo打算做meandoing意味着做stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做canthelp(to)do不能帮助做can’thelpdoing忍不住做如:InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans____foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting4.表示未实现的愿望的动词,即表示本打算,想做,但事实上没做。这些动词plan,intend,mean,want,hope,wish,expect,用hadplannedtodosth./plannedtohavedone来表示。注:Wouldlike/love只用wouldliketohavedone如:Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishthereport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone5、要接动名词的几个句型:prevent/stop/keepsb./sthfromdoing…(阻止…做)howabout/whataboutdoingspend/wastetime/moneyindoingsth.在…花费或浪费时间或钱havesomedifficulty/trouble/problems(in)doing在做…有困难haveahard/goodtimeindoing做…很艰难或做…很愉快6、含介词to的短语:lookforwardto盼望,devote…to致力于、献身于,be/getusedto习惯于leadto导致,getdownto着手做,payattentionto注意referto谈到、所指、参考,equalto等于、能胜任,belongto属于如:MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto___someschoolforpoorchildren.A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup7.动词不定式but,otherthan后面时,如果介词前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to;否则带to(即前有do后无to)如:havenochoicebuttodosth.没有别的选择,只好做…Eg,Sandycoulddonothingbut____tohisteacherthathewaswrong.A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit另外,can’tchoose/helpbut(只好);can’tbut(只好);hadbetter;wouldrather后面的不定式也省toEg,Hecan’tchoosebutstayon.他没办法只好待下去8.permit/allow(允许),forbid(禁止),advise(建议),有两种用法:一是后接动名词,二是后接“sb.+todosth”9、need,want,require“需要”,主语是物时,need,want,require+doing(用动词ing主动形式表被动)/tobedone/sbtobedonebeworth(值得)+名词/doingbeworthy+tobedone/ofbeingdoneeg.①Thewindowneeds/wants/requirestobecleaned/cleaning.窗户需要擦一下。②Theplaceisworthvisiting.=Theplaceisworthy+tobevisited/ofbeingvisited.三、不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的比较1、不定式作宾语补足语,如:asksbtodosth(sb作宾语,todosth作宾补,宾语+宾补=复合宾语)类似动词有:tell,want,encourage,advise,order,require,force,beg,cause,allow,permit,forbid(禁止),warn(警告),remind,teach,callon(号召),dependon(指望),wouldlike/love(想要),prefer,wish,expect,hope(不带复合宾语)注:helpsb(to)dosth.2、(1)使役动词后接不带to的不定式:let/make/havesbdosth.但使役动词的被动语态常用:bemadetodosth.注:getsbtodosth.译成“让某人做…(主动句中to不省略)Eg,Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry,tocryB.crying,cryingC.cry,cryD.tocry,cry(2)have句型:havesbdosth使/让/叫某人干某事havesb/sthdoing使某人某物持续的做某事,havesthdone表示两种意义:A.请别人做,而不是主语做;B.意外事故引起的,“使遭受…..”如:Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch______.A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.repair如:Tomhadhislegbrokenwhileplayingfootball.汤姆在踢足球时,伤了腿。(3)get句型:getsbtodosth使/让/叫某人干某事getsb/sthdoing使某人/物开始动起来getsthdone使某事被做如:Hetriedtogetthecarmoving.他尽力让车发动起来(4)makeoneselfunderstood/heard/known用过去分词作宾补3、感官动词后作宾补的非谓语形式:感官动词:feel,see,hear,watch,notice用法:感官动词+sb+do/doing/done/beingdone(分别表示全过程/正在发生/被动完成/正在发生且表示被动)。如:1)Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2)Themissingboywaslastseen____neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay3)IheardanEnglishsong_____byalittlegirlwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.A.beingsungB.singingC.singD.tosing4、with的复合结构:with+宾+宾补(形容词、副词(in,out),介词短语,非谓语形式),非谓语形式有:todo表示将来,doing表示主动和进行,done表示被动和完成。如:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied5、find+宾语+宾补(doing/done),keep+宾+doing,catchsb+doing(撞见某人在做),smellsb+doing(察觉到某人在做)如:Helookedaroundandcaughtam