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西南大学外国语学院2012级英语（师范）9班ChineseKungFu(MartialArts)中国功夫（武术）《中国文化》期中论文No.222012310011326Name:陈建康2014/4/20AbriefintroductionofChineseKungFuinEnglishandChinese.2012级英语（师范）9班222012310011326陈建康ChineseKungFu(MartialArts)中国功夫（武术）ChineseKungFu(MartialArtsoraspopularlyreferredtoasGongfuorWushu)isaseriesoffightingstyleswhichhasdevelopedoveralonghistoricalperiodinChina.Nowadays,itisregardedasatraditionalsportgainingmoreandmorepopularityandevenstandsasarepresentativeforChineseculture.StylesincludingShaolin,TaiChiandQigonghavemanyfollowersworldwide.SomewesternersthinkthatallChinesepeopleareKungFumasters.That’snottrue,butthistraditionalheritagehasitsuniqueexistenceinmoderntimesandleftmuchinfluenceonthelocals’lifestyle.Althoughbeingfightingstyles,KungFuadvocatesvirtueandpeace,notaggressionorviolence.Thishasbeenthecommonvalueupheldbymartialartistsfromgenerationtogeneration.Withanumberofmovementsets,boxingstyles,weaponskillsandsomefightingstunts,KungFukeepsitsoriginalfunctionofself-defense.Nowitsvalueinbody-buildingandfitnessisalsohighlyappreciated.中国功夫（武艺或普遍被称为”功夫”或”武术”）是一系列已在中国发展了很长的历史时期的战斗形式。如今，它被视为传统体育项目而获得越来越多的普及，甚至可以作为中国文化的代表。其各种形式，包括少林、太极和气功在全球拥有众多的追随者。一些西方人认为所有的中国人都是功夫高手，这是不正确的，但这种传统的传承有其独特的存在，在近代和留在当地人的生活方式影响不大。虽然作为战斗形式，但是功夫提倡仁义和平，而非侵略或暴力行为。这一直是由武行坚持代代相传的共同价值。以一些运动套路，拳击风格，武器技能和一些战斗特技，功夫保持其原有的自卫功能。现在，它在健美和健身价值也备受赞赏。History历史Inordertosurviveinanextremelyhostileenvironment,ourprimitiveChineseancestorsdevelopedprimarymeansofdefenseandattackthatincludedleaping,tumblingandkicking.Althoughtheyknewhowtofightwithrudimentaryweaponsmadefromstonesandwood,fightingwithbarehandsandfistsbecameessentialskills.TheMartialArtswerecognizetodayasKungFuhadtheiroriginsintheShangandZhouDynasties(17century-256BC).DuringthefollowingQin(221-207BC)andHan(202BC-220AD)Dynasties,wrestling,swordplayandspearskillsbecamewelldevelopedandwerepopularamongciviliansandtroops.FollowingtheSongDynasty(960-1279),variousschools,boxingstyles,movementsetsandweaponskillsflourished.为了在极其恶劣的环境中生存，我们原始的中国祖先发展了防御和攻击，包括跳跃，翻滚，踢的主要手段。虽然他们知道如何使用石头和木头做的简陋的武器进行战斗，用徒手和2012级英语（师范）9班222012310011326陈建康拳头战斗成为必不可少的技能。我们今天所认识的功夫的起源于商周时期（17世纪-256BC）。在随后秦（221-207BC）、汉（202BC-220AD）时期，摔跤、剑术和枪的技能变得发达，为平民和部队欢迎。宋代（公元960-1279年）以降，各学校，拳击风格，运动套和武器技能蓬勃发展。Classification分类OverthecenturiesofdevelopmentinChina,KungFuhasbecomealargesystemcontainingvariousschoolsorsects.Itisrecordedthatthereareover300distincttypesofboxingexistingaroundthecountry.ThestylesinnorthernandsouthernChinaarequitedifferent.ThereforeitishardtobesimplyclassifiedSomeoftheschoolsareclassifiedbygeographicallocations,forexample,theSouthernFist(Nanquan)prevailinginsouthChina,andShaolinSchoolbasedatShaolinTempleinHenanProvince.Somearenamedafterthecreatorandmaster,liketheChenStyleTaiChiandYangStyleTaiChi.Someareidentifiedbydifferenttrainingmethods,suchastheInternalBoxingArts(Neijiaquan)thatconcentrateonthemanipulationoftheinnerbreathandcirculationofthebody,andtheExternalBoxingArts(Waijiaquan)concentratingonimprovingthemusclesandthelimbs.随着数个世纪在中国的发展，功夫已经成为包含各种学校或教派的大型系统。据记载，有超过300个不同类型的搏击术存在于全国各地。中国的北方和南方的风格有很大的不同。因此，它难以被简单地分类。部分武术派别的分类按地区划分，例如，南方拳（南拳）当时在中国南方，少林派则设在河南省少林寺。还有一些被命名为创造者和主人，像陈式太极拳，杨式太极拳。有些是确定不同的培训方法，如内部拳击艺术（聂家拳）是专注于内部的呼吸和血液循环的身体的操控，以及外部拳击艺术（外家拳）专注于提高肌肉和四肢。Themostoutstandingandinfluentialschoolsarelistedasfollows:1.ShaolinMartialArts:OriginatedintheShaolinTempleinHenan,thisisconsideredthepremierstyleinChinaandiswidelyspreadallovertheworld.BothofitsphysicalexerciseandmentaltrainingarebaseduponBuddhistphilosophy.TheShaolinBoxing,SouthernFist(Nanquan),NorthernLegs(Beitui)andWingChunaretherepresentativesofthisschool.2.WudangMartialArts:ThissecthasalmostthesamefameastheShaolin.BasedattheMt.WudanginHubeiProvince,itisdevelopedundertheguidanceofTaoisttheories.T’aiChiCh’uan,Form/IntentionBoxing(Xingyiquan),Eight-DiagramPalm(Baguazhang)areessentialsofWudang.3.EmeiMartialArts:TakingMt.EmeiinSichuanProvinceasitscamp,thissectismoderateandblendsthemeritsofShaolinandWudang.Manysub-branchesderiveunderthissect,2012级英语（师范）9班222012310011326陈建康includingQingcheng,Tiefo,Qingniu,Dianyi,Huanglin,etc.4.TaiChi:ThisisacomparativelyslowandelegantstyleoriginatedfromthecombinationofTaoism,dialecticideology,traditionalmedicineandphysicalexercise.Itfeaturesattackbyaccumulatingthestrength,conqueringtherigiditywiththeflexility,andbeatingactionbyinaction.5.Form/IntentionBoxing(Xingyiquan):ItisarepresentativeofInternalBoxingArtscharacterizedbyitsstraightforwardfistandquickattackwhicharewellsuitableforfightingagainsttheenemy.ItsboxingroutinesincludeFiveElementsBoxing,TwelveAnimalsBoxingandsoon.6.Eight-DiagramPalm(Baguazhang):CreatedbythemasterDongHaichuan,theEight-DiagramPalmfeaturescontinuouschangesinpalmstylesandsteadystepsincircle.Manysub-sectsderivefromthisschool.7.SouthernFist(Nanquan):Thistraditionalschoolprevailedover400yearsinsouthChina.CenteredinGuangdongandFujianProvinces,itfeaturesshortandtightmovements,variousskills,steadystepsandvigorousattacks.ThegrandmasterWongFei-hungisgoodattheSouthernFist.8.Qigong:Itisnotonlyaschoolofmartialartsbutalsoaphy