破句

TowardsWritingCommonErrors(II)byYuanXuepingFragmentarySentence破句破句：结构不完整的句子（缺少主语或谓语）或把复合句中的成分单独作为一个分句使用就形成了破句。常见的几种破句有：从属连词引起的破句；-ing分词或不定式引起的破句；增加细节引起的破句；主语缺欠的破句。修改破句可以把破句连接在前面或者后面的分句上；还可以把它改写成独立的句子。1.dependent-wordfragments从属连词引起的破句常见的从属连词：After,unless,even(eventhough,evenif),since,before,when(whenever),because,if,who(whoever),while,as,asif,which(whichever),although,though,sothat,where(wherever),until,that这些连词引起的意群打句号，独立出来，就成为了破句。如：AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.Icheckedintoaroom.ThenIwenttoadinertogetsomethingtoeat.当一个含有-ing的词或一个以to开头的短语出现在一个意群的开头时，往往会产生破句。如：Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday.Tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.Iplanonworkingovertime.Togetthisjobfinished.Otherwise,mybossmaygetangryatme.2.-ingandtofragments分词和不定式引起的破句增加细节引起的破句往往缺少一个主语（或者）谓语。通常出现在下列词语的后面：forexample,also,except,suchas,including,especially如：Theclassoftenstartslate.Forexample,yesterdayatquarterafternine,insteadofatninesharp.3.added-detailfragments增加细节引起的破句如：Tomwenttotherefrigeratortogetmilkforhisbreakfastcereal.Anddiscoveredaboutonetablespoonofmilkleft.4.missing-subjectfragments缺乏主语引起的破句Howtocorrect?修改破句的方法：1.把这个从属连词分句附加到它前面或者后面的句子上去。2.去掉连词。改写句子。3.添加主语。改写句子1.AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.Icheckedintoaroom.ThenIwenttoadinertogetsomethingtoeat.----AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus,Icheckedintoaroom.ThenIwenttoadinertogetsomethingtoeat.2.Mydaughterlikestomakepaperboats.Whichshefloatsinthetubduringhernightlybath.----Mydaughterlikestomakepaperboatswhichshefloatsinthetub(盆)duringhernightlybath.AfterIarrivedinChicagobybus.4.Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday.Tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.----Ispentalmosttwohoursonthephoneyesterday，tryingtofindagaragetorepairmycar.5.Iplanonworkingovertime.Togetthisjobfinished.Otherwise,mybossmaygetangryatme.----Iplanonworkingovertimetogetthisjobfinished.Otherwise,mybossmaygetangryatme.----Togetthisjobfinished,Iplanonworkingovertime.Otherwise,mybossmaygetangryatme.6.Theclassoftenstartslate.Forexample,yesterdayatquarterafternine,insteadofatninesharp.----Theclassoftenstartslate.Forexample,yesterdayitbeganatquarterafternine,insteadofatninesharp.7.Tomwenttotherefrigeratortogetmilkforhisbreakfastcereal.Anddiscoveredaboutonetablespoonofmilkleft.----Tomwenttotherefrigeratortogetmilkforhisbreakfastcereal,anddiscoveredaboutonetablespoonofmilkleft.----Tomwenttotherefrigeratortogetmilkforhisbreakfastcereal,andhediscoveredaboutonetablespoonofmilkleft.8.Thefirstloadofwashshouldbewhitethings.Suchasbedsheets,pillowcases,towels,handkerchiefs,andunderwear.----Thefirstloadofwashshouldbewhitethingssuchasbedsheets,pillowcases,towels,handkerchiefs,andunderwear.9.Thehospitalwheremyparentsusedtowork.Itplanstohiremorenurses.----Thehospitalwheremyparentsusedtoworkplanstohiremorenurses.10.SinceIwastired.Ididn’tfinishwritingtheessay.----SinceIwastired,Ididn’tfinishwritingtheessay.11.Iamnolongerwillingtogo.Unlessyoualsoagree.----Iamnolongerwillingtogounlessyoualsoagree.12.Theexplosiontookeveryonebysurprise.Bricksflyingeverywhere.----Theexplosiontookeveryonebysurprise,bricksflyingeverywhere.13.Helookedforwardtothestudyperiodatschool.Itbeingtheonlytimehecouldsitun-botheredanddreamabouthisfuture.----Helookedforwardtothestudyperiodatschool.Itwastheonlytimehecouldsitun-botheredanddreamabouthisfuture.14.Lookingdownatthegrass,whichhadsuddenlybeguntoseemverysquashy.IrealizedIhadhikedintoamarsh(沼泽)ofsomekind.----Lookingdownatthegrass,whichhadsuddenlybeguntoseemverysquashy,IrealizedIhadhikedintoamarsh(沼泽)ofsomekind.