搜索
•1.Cangetsomeinformationofgreatscientists.•2.Candrawthestructrueofthewholetextbyreadingskills.•3.Cananalysethedetailedinformationofthereadingmaterial.•4.Canknowhowtoproveyournewideainascientificresearch.•5.Canlearnthegoodqualitiesformthegreatscientistsanddevelopthenoblespirits.WarmingupPre-readingWhilereadingPostreadingTherearesomegreatscientificachievementsthathavechangedtheworld.Nowtrytoanswerthefollowingquestionstoguesswhoarethey.1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?Archimedes(Greek)2.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren?GregorMendelCzech(捷克人)MarieCurie(Polish&French)3.Whodiscoveredradium?4.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?ZhangHeng(Chinese)seismographYuanLongping.Heis…5.WhoisthefatherofSuperHybirdRice?TuYouyou.Sheis…6.Whodiscovertheartemisinin(青蒿素）tocurethepatientsofmalaria(疟疾）。7.TheytrytodefeattheCovid-19inChinaandmakegreatcontributionsforourcountry.Whoarethey?Theyare…LiLanjuan&ZhongNnanshanPre-readingscientificresearchstagesfindaproblemmakeupaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalyzetheresultsfindsupportingevidencedrawaconclusiongreatscientistsdrawaconclusionfindsupportingevidencefindaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsdrawaconclusionHowtoproveanewideainscientificresearch?findsupportingevidenceJohnSnowdefeats“kingcholera”Whatcanyoulearnfromthetitle?while--readingFastreadingJohnSnow,(1813-1858)British,isananesthetist（麻醉师）andmoreimportantly,“Fatherofepidemiologist（流行病学家）”.Nameofillnesscholera(霍乱)Symptom(症状)severevomiting(呕吐)anddiarrhea(腹泻)Aftereffect(后果)diequicklyfromalossofliquidWhatischolera?1234567What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.B.ThecauseofCholerawaspollutedwater.C.Thesourceofalldrinkingwatershouldbeexamined.D.HowJohnSnowcollected,analyzeddataandfoundthecauseofthediseaseandsolvedit.FastreadingdrawaconclusionthinkofamethodcollectresultsmakeaquestionfindaproblemanalysetheresultsFindsupportingevidence7stagesofascientificresearch.发现问题提出问题提出方法收集资料分析资料找出有力证据得出结论howtodefeat1234567findaproblemmakeaquestionthinkofamethodcollectresultsanalysetheresultsfindsupportingevidencedrawaconclusionanalyzetheresults1.JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert，indeed，thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Thiswasthedeadlydiseaseofitsday.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvethisproblem.Heknewthatcholerawouldneverbecontrolleduntilitscausewasfound.1.Findaproblem2.Hebecameinterestedintwotheoriesthatpossiblyexplainedhowcholerakilledpeople.Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheair.Acloudofdangerousgasfloatedarounduntilitfounditsvictims.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.Fromthestomachthediseasequicklyattackedthebodyandsoontheaffectedpersondied.2.Makeaquestionhowmanytheoriesarementionedinpara.2?whatarethey?•JohnSnowsuspectedthatthesecondtheorywascorrectbutheneededevidence.SowhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854，hewasreadytobeginhisenquiry.Asthediseasespreadquicklythroughpoorneighbourhoods，hebegantogatherinformation.Intwoparticularstreets，thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.3.Thinkofamethod4.Firsthemarkedonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthedeadpeoplehadlived.Thisgavehimavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.ManyofthedeathswerenearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallynumbers16,37,38and40)．Healsonoticedthatsomehouses(suchas20and21BroadStreetand8and9CambridgeStreet)hadhadnodeaths.Hehadnotforeseenthis，sohemadefurtherinvestigations.Hediscoveredthatthesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeerandsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.4.collectreslutswhatdidhefindinthemap?whatwasthepossibleresult？AmapofBroadStreetManydeathshappenedhere.Nodeathhappenedhere.Itseemedthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Whatdidhedonext?Pub5.Next，JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.HeimmediatelytoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreettoremovethehandlefromthepumpsothatitcouldnotbeused.Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hehadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.1.Whathappenedtothepumpwater?2.whathappenedafterpeopleremovedthehandleformthepump？3.Whatistheresult?3.5.analysetheresults6.InanotherpartofLondon，hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.Awoman，whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet，likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.Bothsheandherdaughterdiedofcholeraafterdrinkingthewater.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthevirus.What’stheextraevidence?6.findsupportingevidence7.Topreve