不定式用法归纳

1不定式用法归纳Mar5,2011主要用法：1)主语2)表语3)宾语4)宾补5)定语6)状语7)疑问词+不定式8)不定式复合结构9)不定式主动表被动10)it指代不定式11)不定式时态12)不定式的省略一.做主语Toseeistobelieve.Itfeelsgoodtobeouthereforawalk.二.作表语Toseeistobelieve.Mywishistolivepeacefully.三.做宾语Iwanttomakeacall.Hemanagedtopassthedrivingtest.区别：trytodo/doing努力做/尝试做2stoptodo/doing停下一件事去做另一件事/停下正在做的事remember(forget,regret)todo/doing没有做用todo;做过了用doingmeantodo/doing打算做/意味着goontodo/doing接着做另一件事/继续做同一件事四.做宾补感官动词/使役动词+宾语+do（这里免to的不定式作宾补）常用的感官动词：see,hear,feel常用的使役动词：have,letTheyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenhergrowupfromchildhood.Asyou’veneverbeenherebefore,I’llhavesomeoneshowyoutheway.(90上海）Themotherfeltherselfgrowcoldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006上海)五.作定语用法1：不定式和被修饰词之间有动宾关系。Idon’thaveapentowritewith.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.I’vefoundahousetolivein.Hegavemeachairtositon.Ilitacandletoreadby.用法2：将要发生Inthefewweekstocome,we’llhavemoreactivitieslikethis.Intheclassestofollow,he’llteachusmoregrammar.TheChinesepeopleareproudoftheOlympicGamestobeheldinBeijing.用法3：介词+which/whom+todoThepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.3=Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.IwantsomemoneywithwhichIcanbuyabook.=Iwantsomemoneywithwhichtobuyabook.用法4:序数词后用不定式。Sheisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.Heisalwaysthelasttoleavetheclassroom.[高考]—Thelastone_______paysthemeal.—Agreed!A．arrivedB．arrivesC．toarriveD．arriving(C)六.做状语(一)目的状语Torealizemydream,Imustworkhard.Tosleeplateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001春)区别：to,inorderto,soasto(二)结果状语Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadgone.Hehurriedtothebookingoffice,onlytobetoldthattheticketshadbeensoldout.结论：onlytodo常用于结果状语，表示不太好的结果。such…asto/so…asto如此…以致Heissuchafoolishmanastobelievehiswife.Heissofoolishastobelievehiswife.(三)原因状语I’mtoohappytomeetyou.Youweresillynottohavelockedyourcar.(2004湖南)WeareproudtobeyoungpeopleofChina.4(四)主+be+adj.+todo本结构常用的形容词：easy,hard,comfortable,heavy,fit,pleasant,good…Yourquestionishardtoanswer.Myclassmatesareeasytogetalongwith.Thehouseiscomfortabletolivein.Thebigdeskistooheavytomove.Theheadteacherispleasanttoworkwith.Themushroomisgoodtoeat.Theriverisdangeroustobathein.结论：本结构中“todo”和主语在逻辑上有动宾关系。七.疑问词+不定式Idon’tknowwhattodo.Idon’tknowhowtoanswerthequestion.Howtodividethemoneywillbediscussedatthemeeting.结论：“疑问词+不定式”所构成的短语做主语,宾语等。开阔眼界：I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.(2000)Themotherdidn’tknowwhotoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.(2002)It’ssaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknowswhattodowithit.(2002)八.不定式复合结构Itis+adj.+forsbtodoeasy,hard,difficult,necessary…此结构用说明事情的形容词。It’shardforhimtofulfillthetask.Itis+adj.+ofsbtodo5kind,silly,polite,unwise…此结构用说明人的形容词。It’sverykindofyoutohavehelpedme.九.主动表被动用主动形式表被动含义。I’mtoblame.我该受责备。（toblame表示被责备）Thishouseistolet.此房出租。（tolet指被出租）十.有it做形式主语或形式宾语It’skindofyoutohelpus.(it做形式主语)Itfeelsgoodtobeouthereforawalk.(it做形式主语)Ifindithardtopleaseeveryone.(it做形式宾语)Ithinkitmydutytodomyworkwell.(it做形式宾语)Ifeelitimpossibletobehappyeveryday.(it做形式宾语)十一.不定式时态一)一般式:todo(主动)/tobedone(被动)1.表示现在I’mgladtoseeyou.Noonehopestobepunished.2.表将来Remembertolockthedoorwhenyouleave.Shewassentabroadtobeeducated.(二)完成式:tohavedone(主动)/tohavebeendone(被动);表示过去或完成。Heissaidtohavestudiedabroad,butIdon’tknowwhichcountryhestudiedin.(过去)ThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoEnglish.(完成)(三)进行式tobedoingHepretendstobelisteningcarefully.HehappenedtobewateringhisgardenwhenIgotthere.6十二.不定式的省略不定式的省略：省略to后的内容。---willyoujoinmeinawalk?---I’llbegladto.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.常见：haveto,beableto,oughtto,usedto注意：Sheisafamoussinger,ashermotherusedtobe.---Areyouthemanager?---No,andIdon’twanttobe.---Hehasn’tfinishedyet.---Well,heoughttohave.结论：不定式里有be或havedone,简答时保留be和have.