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吉林化工学院材料科学与工程学院毕业论文不同金属材料酸碱介质腐蚀研究Differentmetalmaterialsundertheacidandalkalimediumcorrosionresearch学生学号：10150111学生姓名：宋扬专业班级：材料化学1001指导教师：张福胜职称：教授起止日期：2014.2.24～2014.6.18吉林化工学院JilinInstituteofChemicalTechnology吉林化工学院毕业论文I摘要材料腐蚀问题遍及国民经济的各个领域。从日常生活到交通运输、机械、化工、冶金，从尖端科学技术到国防工业，凡是用到材料的地方，都不同程度的存在着腐蚀问题。材料腐蚀给社会带来巨大的经济损失，造成了灾难性事故，耗竭了宝贵的资源与能源，污染了环境，阻碍了高科技的正常发展。而金属材料是人类历史上应用最为广泛、作用最为明显的材料之一，对推动社会进步与文明发展做出了巨大的贡献。进入工业化社会的今天，金属材料在酸碱介质中的腐蚀与防护则是工业生产是否安全，国民经济是否能稳健发展的一个关键问题。本文即在于研究不同金属材料在酸碱介质下的耐腐蚀率，以达到减少金属浪费的目的。关键词：腐蚀机理；金属防护；酸碱介质吉林化工学院毕业论文IIAbstractThecorrosionofmaterialsinvariousfieldsofthenationaleconomy.Fromdailylifetotransportation,machinery,chemicalindustry,metallurgy,fromtheadvancedscienceandtechnologytothedefenseindustry,usuallyusedinplaceofthematerial,therearedifferentdegreesofcorrosionproblems.Corrosioncausehugeeconomiclossestothesociety,resultingindisastrousaccidents,depletionofresourcesandenergyandprecious,pollutionoftheenvironment,hinderthenormaldevelopmentofhigh-tech.Andmetalmaterialsisthehistoryofmankindisthemostwidelyused,oneofthemostobviouseffectofthematerial,madeagreatcontributiontopromotingsocialprogressandcivilizationdevelopment.Enteredtheindustrializationsocietytoday,corrosionandprotectionofmetalmaterialsinalkalinemediumisindustrialproductionissafe,thenationaleconomyisakeyproblemofsteadydevelopment.Thispaperistostudythedifferentmetalsinacidmediumcorrosionrate,inordertoreducemetalwastes.Keyword:Corrosionmechanism；Metalprotection；Acidicandalkalinemedia吉林化工学院毕业论文III目录摘要.........................................................................................................................IAbstract.........................................................................................................................II第1章绪论..................................................................................................................11.1材料腐蚀的基本概念......................................................................................11.2腐蚀的危害与腐蚀控制的重要性..................................................................21.2.1腐蚀的危害...........................................................................................31.3金属腐蚀的过程.............................................................................................41.4金属腐蚀的分类.............................................................................................61.4.1金属的化学腐蚀..................................................................................71.4.2金属的电化学腐蚀..............................................................................71.4.3金属的微生物腐蚀..............................................................................81.4.4金属的物理腐蚀..................................................................................81.5金属腐蚀的外观形貌.....................................................................................81.5.1全面腐蚀..............................................................................................91.5.2局部腐蚀..............................................................................................91.6金属腐蚀速度的表示方法...........................................................................101.6.1金属腐蚀速度的重量指标................................................................101.6.2金属腐蚀速度的深度指标................................................................101.6.3金属腐蚀的电流指标........................................................................121.7金属在酸碱介质下的腐蚀...........................................................................131.7.1碱性....................................................................................................131.7.2酸性....................................................................................................151.8金属腐蚀的防护措施...................................................................................191.8.1隔离法................................................................................................191.8.2涂层法................................................................................................191.8.3钝化法................................................................................................201.8.4电镀法................................................................................................211.8.5缓蚀剂法............................................................................................211.8.6电化学保护法....................................................................................221.8.7展望....................................................................................................22第2章实验部分........................................................................................................242.1实验中酸和样品的性质及试样仪器介绍...................................................242.1.1硫酸的基本性质................................................................................242.1.2醋酸的基本性质................................................................................242.1.3盐酸的基本性质................................................................................252.1.4实验仪器.