搜索
复合法Definition：•复合法：是指那些有两个或两个以上的词素构成的词，或是指有两个单独的词连接起来构成一个新的形式的构词法。•用复合法构成的词是复合词•suchas:•icecream冰激凌drugstore药店•touch-me-not含羞草•good-for-nothing无用之人复合词的分类：•复合名词:Nouncompounds•复合动词:Verbcompounds•复合形容词:Adjectivecompounds•复合介词:Prepositioncompounds另外，还有复合副词、复合代词、叠生词。一、复合名词：通常在句中作主语、宾语•①Noun+Noun•windmill风车housework家务活•②Noun+V-ing•handwriting书法bookkeeping笔记•③V-ing+Noun•workingpeople劳动人民runningwater流水•④Verb+Noun•playboy花花公子pickpocket扒手•⑤Adjective+Noun•shorthand速记blackboard黑板•⑥Verb+Adverb•get-together聚会take-away熟食•⑦Adverb+Verb•output产量downfall垮台二、复合形容词：通常在句中作定语，少数也可作表语•①Adjective+Adjective•darkblue深蓝色的redhot炽热的•②Adjective+Noun•highclass高级的oldstyle旧式的•③Adjective+Noun+ed•nobleminded高尚的kindheated好心的•④Adjective+V-ing•goodlooking好看的easygoing好说话的•⑤Adjective+V-ed•newborn新生的readymade现成的•⑥Noun+Adjective•waterproof防水的snowwhite雪白的⑾二、复合形容词：通常在句中作定语，少数也可作表语•⑦Noun+V-ing•peaceloving爱好和平的papermaking造纸的•⑧Noun+V-ed•handmade手工的manmade人造的•⑨Adverb+V-ing•fastspreading迅速传播的wellmeaning善意的•⑩Adverb+V-ed•wellknown著名的newlyinvented新发明的•⑾Adverb+Adjective•evergreen常绿的downright真正的•⑿Preposition+Noun•underground地下的overspeed超速的三、复合动词：通常在句中作谓语•①Noun+Verb•sleep-walk梦游handpick手工挑选•②Adverb+Verb•uphold支持outspread向外传播•③Adjective+Verb•blacklist列入黑名单safeguard捍卫•④Adverb+Noun•overwork过度工作underline作下划线•⑤Verb+Adverb•bring-up教养turn-out罢工四、复合副词：通常在句中作谓语•①Adjective+Noun•sometimes有时firsthand第一手的•②Noun+Adjective•lifelong一生地stone-still非常寂静地•③Preposition+Noun•beforehand事先alongside在旁边•④Noun+Adverb•upside-down颠倒headfirst头朝前•⑤Adverb+Preposition•upalong向上nearby附近五、复合代词：由some、any、no等构成不定代词或物主代词加-self、-selves等构成的反身代词。•something某事，某物•anybody某人•nothing没有东西•myself我自己•ourselves我们自己六、叠生词：英语中有一些复合词是由前后两个声音很相似的词组合而成。•zigzag弯弯曲曲（adj）•chit-chat闲聊（n）•criss-cross纵横交错（adj）•shilly-shally犹犹豫豫（v）Compoundkinds•Ⅰ.endocentriccompound(向心复合词)A.endocentricconstructions(向心结构)•e.g.Theselittlebeautifulgirls•Itisverylate•Heisgoingtofish•B.endocentriccompound(向心复合词):atypeofcompoundinwhichonememberfunctionsastheheadandtheotherasitsmodifier,attributingapropertytothehead.•e.g.call-girl(应召女郎)foot-warmer(脚炉)steamboat(汽船)Compoundkinds•Ⅱ.Exocentriccompounds(离心复合词)•A.Exocentricconstructions(离心结构e.g.Theboysmiled.•Hehidesbehindthedoor.•Openthewindow.•Jimislate.•B.Exocentriccompounds(离心复合词)):isatermusedtorefertoparticulartypeofcompoundthatlackahead.•e.g.cutthroat(凶手)takehome(可带回家的)takeaway(快餐)scarecrow(稻草人)breakneck(危险的)Compound书写方式•Ⅰ.粘写式•e.g.seashore(海岸)football(足球)workplace(车间)pickpocket(扒手)seabird(海鸟)•Ⅱ.松散式•e.g.diningroom(餐厅)classaction(集体诉讼)•Ⅲ.连字符式•e.g.pain-killer(止痛药)mother-of-pearl(珍珠母)cry-baby(爱哭的人)touch-me-not(含羞草)Writingrules•Ⅰ.用连字符式：•A.复合形容词作定语•Thedo-what-you-can-and-take-what-you-needpolicy各尽所能•Anever-to-be-forgottenday永不忘的日子•out-of-townguests外地宾客anopen-airrestaurant露天餐馆interest-free无息的biting-cold冰冷的light-blue浅蓝的Writingrules•B.重叠词•wishy-washy不坚定的，淡的shilly-shally犹豫不决criss-cross纵横交错的•C.名词接后置修饰语构成的复合词•son-inlaw女婿daughter-in-law儿媳•D.构成复合词的前一部分最后一个字母与后一部分首字母相同•shell-like耳朵bell-like钟形的hull-less无壳的