英语国家概况Chapter-4

AguidetoEnglish-speakingcountries各位老师：关于该PPT有一下几点说明1.目录中的此图片为到此章节的链接2.PPT中很多地方没有制作动画效果，大家根据讲课需要和习惯自己修改。3.PPT中没有制作练习题内容。请也请根据讲课内容进度自己制作。4.英国与欧洲当前的关系（脱欧），以及对其经济的影响未制作在内，大家自行决定是否加入讲解。AGuidetoEnglish-SpeakingCountries英语国家概况TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandChapter4Economy英语国家概况I.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyII.CurrentBritishEconomyContentBackIII.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackEconomicDeclineAfterWorldWarII,theBritisheconomyexperiencedaperiodofgreatdifficultyandrelativeeconomicdecline.CausestwoWorldWars—greateconomiclosstheeraoftheBritishEmpirewasover—decolonization(lossesofrawmaterial&market)militaryexpenditure—overseaslocations;financialcontributiontoNATOandU.N.SecurityCouncilIII.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBackPolicies“mixedeconomy”--aneconomyinwhichthereissomepublicownershipaswellasprivatelyownedbusiness.Duringthe20thcenturythegovernmenthasbecomeinvolvedintheeconomythroughintroductionofsocialwelfarepoliciesandlawstoregulateindustrialrelations.III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1945-1979Polices:DrasticreformsNationalizationofindustriesResult:Althoughthegovernmentchangedfromonepartytoanother,theeconomyremainedstagnant.Britain’seconomicgrowthfellbehindthatofotherEuropeancountries.inflation通货膨胀tradedeficit财政赤字unemployment失业thefallofthepound英镑贬值III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1979-1997Polices:Radicaleconomicreform•Privatizedstate-ownedindustries.•PromotedamorecompetitivespiritintheBritisheconomy.•Socialwelfare(reducedoldagepensions,shortenedtheperiodofunemploymentbenefits,cutchildbenefits)“Inpoliticsifyouwantanythingsaid,askaman.Ifyouwantanythingdone,askawoman.”MargaretHildaThatcher(1925-2013)Termofoffice:1979-1990Result:thepositiveaspect:Inflationcameundercontrol.Businessprofitsincreased.thenegativeaspect:Economystillgrewatlowerrate.ArapidincreaseinunemploymentMrs.Thatcherandherpoliceswereandremainhighlycontroversial.III.RecentHistoryofBritishEconomyBack1997Polices:TheThirdWay•MadetheBankofEnglandindependent.•Emphasizedontheminimumwageandsupplementinglowincomes•Emphasizedindividualresponsibility“Leadersareordinaryhumanbeingsinextraordinarypositions”Result:•Limitedgovernmentspending•Keptinflationundercontrol•ReducedunemploymentBytheendofthe20thcentury,BritisheconomicgrowthsurpassedthatofothermajorEuropeancountries.TonyBlairTermofoffice:1997-2007II.I.AgricultureIII.II.EnergyProductionIIII.III.ManufacturingIndustryIIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackII.IV.ServiceIndustryIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyBackAgricultureCharacteristics:•Smallproportionofthepopulationengagedinagriculture•Highdegreeofmechanization•Mildclimate•Producingonlyabout60%ofthefoodconsumes•About70%ofthecountry’slandisdevotedtoagriculture,withtwo-thirdsofitreservedforstockraising.Differentareas:•Uplandarea:sheepfarming•Flatarea:cropproduction•Wetandwarmarea:milkandbeefproductionIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyAgricultureAgriculturalproducts:•Crops:wheat,barley,sugarbeet,potatoes•Dairyfarming•World’sleadingexporterofcattle,sheep,pigsandhorses•Alargeoceanfishingfleet.Fishingindustryfulfillstwo-thirdsofBritain’sdemandforfish.BackIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyEnergyProductionCoalminingindustry•Atraditionalenergyindustry•RioTintoGroup(力拓集团）Britain’soilindustry•Arelativelynewindustry.In1975,oilfirstcameashorefromtheNorthSea.•Theworld’s9thlargestoilproducer•Shell(壳牌集团),BritishPetroleum(BP),BritishGas(BG)Nuclearpower•Firstnuclearpowerstation1956•Oneoftheworld’snuclearpowers•16nuclearpowerplantsBack1.BusinessservicesIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyManufacturingIndustry2.Retail3.ManufacturingBritishcompaniesareactiveinallmajorfieldsofthemanufacturingindustries,butareparticularlystronginpharmaceuticals,chemicals,aerospace,foodanddrink.BackFinanceIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryLondon:•knownastheworld’sleadinginternationalfinancialcenter•over550internationalbanksand170globalsecuritieshouseshaveofficesinLondon.TheBankofEngland•thecentralbankoftheUK,workingclosecontactwiththegovernment.•controlsthemonetarypolicyandgivedirectivestocommercialbanks.TheLondonforeignexchangemarket•oneofthelargestcentersfortradingstocksandbonds.•themostinternationalofalltheworld’sstockexchanges.BackTourismIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryTourismisoneofthelargestindustriesinBritain.Morethan25millionpeoplevisitthecountryeveryyearfromallovertheworld.TheU.K.hasmuchtooffer:•Countrysideviews•Wonderfulcoast•Lakes•Castles•Universitytowns•Oneoftheworld’slargestcentersforinternationalconferences.BackForeignTradeIIII.CurrentBritishEconomyServiceIndustryTheprincipleexportedgoods:manufacturedgoods,mineralfuels,chemicals,foodstuffs,beveragesandtobaccoThemajorexportpartners:Germany,theU.S.,theNetherlands,FranceThemainimports:manufacturedgoods,machinery,fuels,foodstuffsThemostimportantimportpartners:Germany,China,theNetherlands,theU.S.Back英语国家概况