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非谓语非谓语动词动名词v-ing分词现在分词v-ing过去分词p.p动词不定式todo一般式完成式被动式动名词doinghavingdonebeingdone不定式todo(将做)tohavedone(将完成)tobedone(将被做)分词donedoing(正在)/havingdone()/beingdone(正在被做)非谓的不同形式否定式：在之前加“not”1.Swimmingishisfavoritesport.2.Heenjoysswimming.3.Hisfavoritesportisswimming.4.Theswimmingpoolinourvillageisbeingbuilt.（作主语）（作宾语）（作表语）（作定语）动名词enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk+doing作宾语①adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid+doingsb.todo②注意lookforwardtocan’thelpbeusedtocan’tstandhavefunfeellikegiveupputoffpayattentiontohavedifficulty(in)insistonleadtodevotetoobjectto+doing③likelovepreferstartbegincontinue+doingtodo4forgetrememberregretstoptrymeangoon+doingtodo5needwantrequiredeservebeworth+doingtobedone6句型1：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Eg.Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.(1)作主语It'simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.句型2：It+谓语+todo句型3：It’s+n.+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.It’sourduty__helpthepoor.1.常见动词有：口诀：想要决定同意，希望许诺选择want/intend/mean,decide/determine,agree,hope/wish/expect,promise,choose…(2)作宾语2.见动名词用法wantexpectwishallowadviseaskcauseforcebegencourageinviteorderwarnremindpermitpromiserequestpersuade…sb.todo(3)作宾补分词1.Makelessnoise，there’sasleepingchild.Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.2.作后置定语3.作表语1.作前置定语现分和过分作定语的区别：boilingwater正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiledwater开水（表完成）developingcountries发展中国家developedcountries发达国家adisappointinglook一个令人失望的表情adisappointedlook一个失望的表情注：修饰的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.Withadisappointedlookonhisface,helookedverysad.（复印资料）Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.4.作补语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.Seeingfromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.2.Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.5.作状语Hearingthebadnews,theycouldn’thelpcrying.Whentheyheardthebadnews分词作状语：Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.IftheyhadbeengivenmoreattentionBeingsoangry,hecouldn’tgotosleep.BecausehewassoangryTheycameintotheclassroom,singingandlaughing.andtheywereSingingandlaughingToservethepeoplewell,Istudyhard.Inordertoservethepeoplewell将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Becauseshewasmovedbythehero,shedecidedtostudyharder.Movedbythehero,2.Whenhefoundthedoorlocked,hewenthome.Findingthedoorlocked,Hestartedearlyinorderthathecouldgetthereontime.togetthereontime复印资料练习不定式和分词作补语的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、lookat、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listento1感觉：feelseewatchlookatobservenoticehearlistentofeel+sb./sth.+dodoingdone注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“to”make+sb./sth.do让…做…done让…被做+let+sb./sth.do让…做…bedone让…被做+get+sb./sth.todo让…做…doing让…做…done让…被做+have+sb./sth.+do让…做…doing让…持续做…done让…被做注意：1.havesth.done还表示“使…遭受…”Eg:Mr.Smithhadhishousebrokenintowhilehewasawayonholiday.2.havesb.doing用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、withleavesb.todo留下某人去做某事sb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事sth.tobedone留下某事要做sth.undone留下某事未做(unfinished、unsettled…+keepsb./sth.doing让某人/某物一直做某事sb./sthdone让某人/某物被…(表示被动且完成/表示状态)+Eg:Keeptheengine['endʒɪn]running.Weshouldkeepthewindowsclosed.findsb./sth.doing发现某人/某物正在做...sb./sthdone发现某人/某物已经…(表示完成/状态)sb./sth.(tobe)发现某人/某物…+Eg:Wefoundhim(tobe)dishonest.catchsb.doing撞见某人正在做...+Eg:Icaughthimreadingmyprivateletter.withsb./sth.doing表示主动且进行/表示特征sth.beingdone表示被动且进行sth.done表示被动且完成/表示状态sth.todo表示将来+Eg:Withalotofdifficultproblemstosettle,themanishavingahardtime.五.动名词的复合结构1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词在句中作主语:Mary`scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Doyoumindmysmoking?Doyoumindmyreadingyourpaper?Theircomingtohelpwasagreatencouragementtous.Rose’sgoingwon’tbeofmuchhelp.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词在句中作宾语:I`msureofhimcomingontime.Hehasneverheardofawomanbeingapilot.Idon’tmindJack(him)going.Shehatesyoungpeople(them)smoking.独立主格结构一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（IndependentGenitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.1．独立主格结构的形式：（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语Theweather(being)hot,weallwentswimming.Dinnerready,thehostessaskedhergueststobeseated.（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语Themoneytobepaidbythedriver,thepolicewentaway.Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdonetocomeoutnextmonth.（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语Themeeting(being)over,welefttheroom.（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语Shestoodthere,bookinhand.Everybodyathome,wesatdowntodinner.2．with+复合宾语结构这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。（1）with+名词/代词+名词Thebravemanfoughtthetigerwithastickhisonlyweapon.Hewascarriedintothehospital,withhisfaceamassofbleedingflesh.（2）with+名词/代词+介词Theteachercameintotheclassroomwithabookinhishand.Hewasasleepwithhisheadonhisarms.Familydependants,whenill,enjoyfreemedicaltreatment,withmedicinesathalfprice.（3）with+名词/代词+副词Hewentoutwithhishaton.Thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverw