园林英语论文——拙政园The-Humble-Administrator’s-Garden---副本

1TheHumbleAdministrator'sGardenIntroductionTheHumbleAdministrator'sGardenwasoriginallybuiltin1509，alsoisthefourthyearofZhengdeperiodinMingDynasty(1368-1644).ItwasinitiallyaprivategardenofaformergovernmentofficialnamedWangXianchen.Herebuiltitwhenreturninghomebecauseofhisfailureinhisofficialcareer.Itwassaidheintendedtobuildagardenafterretirementandjustdosomegardeningworklikeplantingtreesandvegetablesthere,whichwassaidtobethelifeofahumblemanbyhim.Infact，thegardenwasnamedaftertheconnotationofonesentencefromPanYue'sarticleinJinDynasty.InthearticleWateringVegetablesintheYard,hesaidtosupplythreemealsaday,thisisalsoawayofadministrationbyhumbleones.Henceisthenameofthegarden.ThegardenwasbuiltuponthesitesoftheoldresidenceoftheTang-dynastyscholarLuGuimengandtheYuan-dynastyDahongTemple.ThedesignerofthegardenwasWenZenming,oneoftheFourTalentPaintersintheMingDynasty.Neartheoldentranceofthisgarden,growsaChinesewisteriaplantedbyWenZhengming.Althougharound500yearsold,itstillputsforthluxuriantfoliageandwitnessedthelonghistoryoftheHumbleAdministrator’s2GardendesignedbyWenZhengming.Ittooksixteenyearstocompletethegarden.Unfortunately,hissonlostthegardeningamblingandthethreewinnersdivideditintothreepartsafterthefounderofthegardenpassedaway.TheeastpartwasownedbyWangXinyi,whonamedhisnewpossessionReturntoCountrysideGardenVilla.GeneralLayoutTheHumbleAdministrator'sGardenwaslaidoutinlinewiththelocalconditions.Itwasdesignedwiththelotuspondatthecenter,surroundedbyotherpavilionsandhallsatrandom.Covering51,950sq.m,theHumbleAdministrator'sGardenisthelargestofallclassicalgardensinSuzhou.Itiscentereduponthebroadexpanseofapond,makingupaboutonefifthofthetotalarea.Withwellspacedbuildings,thegardenlandscapeandwaterscapearesimple,extensiveandnatural,possessingthetraditionalappearanceoftheMingDynasty.Withoutgoingoutofthecitycanattainapleasureinthewoodshere.Thewholegardenconsistsof3partsandsomeresidentialbuildings.These3partsaredividedintotheeastern,westernandmiddlepart.Everyparthasitsowndistinctivefeatures.Andtheresidentialbuildingsisadwellingquarter.ThedwellingquarterisfilledwithtypicalSuzhouarchitectureswhichusedtobe3residentialhousesfortheadministratorandhisfamily,whichnowservesastheexhibitionhallsoftheMuseumoftheGardens.Itslayoutissoattractivethatitleavesnopityforthevisitors.HonorsAsagemofthegardensintheareasouthoftheYangtzeRiverandamasterpieceoftheMing-stylegardens,TheHumbleAdministrator'sGardenretainsvariousartisticformssuchaspainting,calligraphy,architecture,carvingandgardening,reflectingthegreatinfluenceoftheprofoundChinesecultureandtraditionalarts.Itisatreasurehouseofartsofarchitecture,calligraphy,carving,painting,andbonsai.Indeed,itwasinscribedontheWorldHeritageListbyUNESCOin1997,knownasthemotherofChinesegardens.Rarefornationalkeyculturalrelicpreservationorgan,thenationalspecialtour,oneCanGuanDianworldculturalheritage,andtheSummerPalaceinBeijing,chengdemountainresortandsuzhougardenknowncollectivelyasChinafourclassicalgardens,sofar,alongwiththefournationalonlyzhuozhengyuanacrown.Forit’sHonors:1.FourMostFamousGardensinChina2.CulturalRelicsofNationalImportanceundertheProtectionoftheState43.SpecialTouristAttractionofChina4.NationalTouristAttractionofGradeAAAAA5.WorldCulturalHeritageEasternSectionTheeastsectionliesdirectlyinsidethemainentrance.It’sdottedwithsheerhills,greengrasses,densebambooandpineforestsandwindingstreams.Onthewestisahillwithlushgreentrees,surroundedbyzigzaggingwatersonallsides.Alargeareaoflawnandanumberofhillsandpoolsareintegratedwiththebuildings.Theeasterngardenisspaciousinlayoutwhiletheenvironmentthereisopenandfresh,whichisindeedanexcellentworkofSuzhougardens.Thescenicspotskeepcomfortabledistancesfromoneanothertoimpressthevisitorwithboththenaturalbeautyandtheartisticdelicacy.MainScenicSpots1.兰雪堂TheHallofOrchidandSnow2.芙蓉榭TheLotusPavilion3.天泉亭TheCelestialSpringPavilion4.秫香馆TheHallofMilletFragranceTheHouseofSweet-SmellingRice5.放眼亭TheFarAwayLookingPavilion56.涵青亭TheAllBluePavilionTheHallofOrchidandSnowisthefirstclassicalbuildingacrosstheyardfromthegarden’sentrancetotheeastsection.Thoughsmallinsize,thehallhasthreebaysinwidth.Ascreenintheverymiddleofthecentralbaycutsthespaceintotwohalves.Onthesouthernsideofthescreenisthelacquercarving“APanoramicViewoftheHumbleAdministrator’sGarden”whichhelpsthevisitortoacquireageneralideaaboutthelayoutandscenicspots.Withastressonfragranceandpurityoftheorchidandsnow,thenameconnotestheowner’smoralityandnoblecharacter.TheformerownerWangXinyiofteninviteshisscholarlyfriendstochantpoemsorversesinthehall.TheLotusPavilionisawatersidepavilionwithaparabolicroofandoutstretchedeaves.Asawatersidestructure,halfofthepavilionisonthebankwhiletheotherhalf,supportedbyseveralstonepillars,projectsoverthepond.Facinganexpanseofwater,thepavilionisanidealplacefortouriststoviewlotusesinblossominsummer.Alongthebanksarealonglineofslimwillows,andin6thepondstandthegracefullotuses.CentralSectionTheCentralSectionisthecreamofthegarden,withone-thirdofitsareacoveredbywater.Buildingsinvariedsizesandshapesareconstructedaroundthecen