英美文学-J.D-Sailinger

J·DSailinger杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格(January1,1919–January27,2010)BriefintroductionOtherinformationLifeworksJ.DSalingerwasanAmericanauthor,bestknownforhis1951novelTheCatcherintheRye,aswellashisreclusivenature.Hislastoriginalpublishedworkwasin1965;hegavehislastinterviewin1980.Heisthesonofawealthycheeseimporter.JeromeDavidSalingerwasbornBorninNewYorkCityinJanuary1,1919.RaisedinManhattan,.Attheageof15hewasfathersenttoamilitaryschoolinPennsylvaniaHegraduatedfromValleyForgein1936andattendedanumberofcolleges,includingColumbiaUniversity,butdidnotgraduatefromanyofthem.In1937,hewwassenttoPolandbyhisfathertolearndoham.Salingerretiredin1946,andbacktoNewYorkbegantofocusonwriting.Salingerbeganwritingshortstorieswhileinsecondaryschool,andpublishedseveralstoriesintheearly1940sbeforeservinginWorldWarII.In1948hepublishedthecriticallyacclaimedstoryAPerfectDayforBananafishinTheNewYorkermagazine,whichbecamehometomuchofhissubsequentwork.In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.SalingeroncemarriedafemaledoctorinEurope,butsoondivorced.In1953heandhisfemalestudentsClaireDouglasgettoknoweachother,thenmarriedin1955,butlaterdivorced.1972,hehadseenarticlesandpicturesofafemalestudentJoyceMaynardinamagazineofaYaleuniversity,immediatelyattractedbyher,thentheybegantocommunication.Therelationshipbetweenthetwopeoplebreakafter10monthsIn1965,Mr.Salingerhasnotmadeanyworksinthe34yearsbeforefinallypublishedanewnovelHapworth16,1924In2000,Salingerpublishedhisbookdreamofthewatchers:amemoirwithhissecondwife,ClaireDouglas,thedaughterofMargaretsalingerOnJanuary27,2010,hediedathishomeinNewHampshire,theageof91.MidtownManhattanatdusk,asseensouthwardfromRockefellerCenterinJanuary2006LocationinSullivanCounty,NewHampshireCoordinates:43°27′53″N72°22′09″BooksTheCatcherintheRyeNineStoriesFrannyandZooey(1961)RaiseHightheRoofBeam,CarpentersandSeymour:AnIntroductionHapworth16,192419631953196119511965NineStories(1953)isacollectionofshortstoriesbyAmericanfictionwriterJ.D.SalingerreleasedinMay1953.Itincludestwoofhismostfamousshortstories,APerfectDayforBananafishandForEsmé–withLoveandSqualor.(NineStoriesistheU.S.title;thebookispublishedinmanyothercountriesasForEsmé-withLoveandSqualor,andOtherStories.)ForEsmé–withLoveandSqualorDownattheDinghyTheLaughingManJustBeforetheWarwiththeEskimosAPerfectDayforBananafishUncleWiggilyinConnecticut194819481948194919491950·PrettyMouthandGreenMyEyesTedyDeDaumier-Smith'sBluePeriod195119521953AlienationasaFormofSelf-protectionThepainfulnessofGrowingupThePhoninessoftheAudltworldHiscatcherintheryefantasyreflectshisinnocence,hisbeliefinpure,uncorruptedyouth,andhisdesiretoprotectthatspirit;ontheotherhand,itrepresentshisextremedisconnectionfromrealityandhisnaïveviewoftheworld.ThesuccessofTheCatcherintheRyeledtopublicattentionandscrutiny;Salingerbecamereclusive,publishingnewworklessfrequently.ThiscatcherintheryeisananalogyforHolden,whoadmiresinkidsattributeshestrugglestofindinadults,likeinnocence,kindness,spontaneity,andgenerosity.Heboughtmorethan90acresoflandsintheNewHampshireruralareasnearthehillbytheriver,builtahutonthetopofthemountain,andlivedareclusivelife他在新罕布什尔州乡间的河边小山附近买下了90多英亩的土地，在山顶上建了一座小屋，过起了隐居的生活。BackgroundofcatcherintheryeTheycaughtaglimpseofhimsometimes,withhishaughtyhead,angularandbug-eyed,gettinggroceriesinthevillage;buthegavethemtheslipalmostalways.Thetruthofitwasthatthoughhisbookmightbeonallthesyllabuses,pickedoverbytheacademicians,hailedastheauthenticvoiceofeveryteenager.Ifhisdreamwastoliveinthewoods,withafireplaceandatypewriterandsheavesofnoteshookedonthewall,almostlikeadeaf-muteinhisdealingswiththeworld,thatwashisaffair.Thetruthofitwasthatthoughhisbookmightbeonallthesyllabuses,pickedoverbytheacademicians,hailedastheauthenticvoiceofeveryteenager.Ifhisdreamwastoliveinthewoods,withafireplaceandatypewriterandsheavesofnoteshookedonthewall,almostlikeadeaf-muteinhisdealingswiththeworld,thatwashisaffair.PeoplekeptsneakingyearafteryeartotheplaceonthehillinCornish,NewHampshire,buttheGreatAmericanWriterwasalmostneverseen.Ageingrebels,second-yearmaster’sstudentswithlacquerednails,snappersfromNewsweek,allapproachedthecringing,littlehousewherehehadlived,orbatteneddown,orholed.Eversinceagreatwaveoffamehadbrokenoverhimin1953,twoyearsafterhehappenedtowriteabookcalled“TheCatcherintheRye”.主人公是16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考菲尔德是当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象之一，霍尔顿出身于纽约一个富裕的中产阶级家庭。学校里的老师和自己的家长强迫他好好读书，为的是出人头地，以便将来买辆凯迪拉克，而在学校里一天到晚干的，就是谈女人，酒和性，他看不惯周围的一切，根本没心思用功读书，因而老是挨罚，到他第四次被开除时，他不敢回家。便只身在美国最繁华的纽约城游荡了一天两夜，住小客店，逛夜总会滥交女友他在电影院里百无聊赖地消磨时光，糊里糊涂地召了妓女，情不自禁的与虚荣的女友搂搂抱抱，与此同时，他的内心又十分苦闷，企图逃出虚伪的成人世界去寻批纯洁与真理的经历与感受。这种精神上无法调和的极度矛盾最终令他彻底崩溃，躺倒在精神病院里。对文化的影响《麦田里的守望者》领导了美国文学创作的新潮流，它使得思想贫乏、感情冷淡的五十年代的美国人为之倾倒，这个时期完全可以称作超于文学定义的“塞林格时代”。本文剖析了小说主人公霍尔顿从憎恶虚伪、追求纯真到最终屈从社会现实的心理历程，揭示二战后美国青少年一代孤寂、彷徨、痛苦的内心世界。对社会的影响麦田里的守望者从1951年出版到现在给全世界无数彷徨的年轻人心灵的慰藉。小说一问世，霍尔顿这个对虚伪深恶痛绝的少年形象竟然被千万读者看成是迷人的新英雄，文中的崇尚自由的亲切语言受到热烈欢迎。并且这本小说反映了二战后美国青少年矛盾混乱的人生观和道德观，代表了当时相当一部分人的思想和处境。主人公霍尔顿那种没有清楚目的的反抗，是当时学生和青少年的典型病症。《麦田里的守望者》发表后，大中学学生争相阅读，家长和教师也视小说为“必读教材”，把它当作理解当代青少年的钥匙。小说的悲剧色彩霍尔顿的生活笼罩着悲剧