J-D-Salinger--课件

J.D.Salinger1919-2010PersonalIntroductionGrowthExperenceLiterarystyleandthemesListofworksInfluenceIntroductionofCatcherintheryeAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter.Salingerpublishedonenovelandseveralshortstorycollectionsbetween1948-59.Hisbest-knownworkisTHECATCHERINTHERYE(1951),astoryaboutarebelliousteenageschoolboyandhisquixoticexperiencesinNewYork.PersonalIntroductionSalingerhadhisfirstshortstorypublishedin1940;hecontinuedtowriteashejoinedthearmyandfoughtinEuropeduringWorldWarII.In1951,Salingerpublishedhisonlyfull-lengthnovel,TheCatcherintheRye,whichpropelledhimontothenationalstage.Between1961and1982,TheCatcherintheRyewasthemostcensoredbookinhighschoolsandlibrariesintheUnitedStates.In1981,itwasboththemostcensoredbookandthesecondmosttaughtbookinpublicschoolsintheUnitedStatesGrowthExperenceBorninNewYorkCityin1919.Thesonofawealthycheeseimporter,SalingergrewupinafashionableneighborhoodinManhattanandspenthisyouthbeingshuttledbetweenvariousprepschoolsbeforehisparentsfinallysettledontheValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyin1934.HisfamilyHispaternalgrandfather,Simon,borninLithuania,wasatonetimetherabbifortheAdathJeshuruncongregationinLouisville,Kentucky.Hismother,Marie,wasborninAtlantic,Iowa,ofScottish,GermanandIrishdescent.Hisfather,SolSalinger,soldkoshercheese.HisonlysiblingwashisoldersisterDoris(1911–2001).HisyoungersisterDoriswasborninAugust1920EarlylifeTheyoungSalingerattendedpublicschoolsontheWestSideofManhattan,thenin1932,thefamilymovedtoParkAvenueandSalingerwasenrolledattheMcBurneySchool,aprivateschoolinManhattan.In1933hisparentsenrolledhimintoValleyForgeMilitaryAcademyinWayne,Pennsylvania,wherehegraduatedin1936.AtValleyForge,Salingerwastheliteraryeditoroftheclassyearbook,CrossSabres.HestartedhisfreshmanyearatNewYorkUniversityin1936,andconsideredstudyingspecialeducation,butdroppedoutthefollowingspring.Thatfall,hisfatherurgedhimtolearnaboutthemeat-importingbusinessandhewenttoworkatacompanyinVienna,Austria.Thatfall,hisfatherurgedhimtolearnaboutthemeat-importingbusinessandhewenttoworkatacompanyinVienna,Austria.HeleftAustriaonlyamonthbeforeitwasannexedbyNaziGermanyonMarch12,1938.HeattendedUrsinusCollegeinthefallof1938inCollegeville,Pennsylvaniaanddroppedoutafteronesemester.In1939,SalingerattendedaColumbiaUniversityeveningwritingclasstaughtbyWhitBurnett,longtimeeditorofStorymagazine.Salinger'sdebutshortstorywaspublishedinthemagazine'sMarch–April1940issue.BurnettbecameSalinger'smentor,andtheycorrespondedforseveralyears.WorldWarIIInlate1941,SalingerbrieflyworkedonaCaribbeancruiseship,servingasanactivitydirectorandpossiblyasaperformer.Thesameyear,SalingerbegansubmittingshortstoriestoTheNewYorker.SevenofSalinger'sstorieswererejectedbythemagazinethatyear,includingLunchforThree,MonologueforaWateryHighball,andIWenttoSchoolwithAdolfHitlerSalingerwasassignedtoacounter-intelligencedivision,whereheusedhisproficiencyinFrenchandGermantointerrogateprisonersofwar.Hewasalsoamongthefirstsoldierstoenteraliberatedconcentrationcamp.SalingerearnedtherankofStaffSergeantandservedinfivecampaigns.Salinger'sexperiencesinthewaraffectedhimemotionally..Salingercontinuedtowritewhileservinginthearmy,andpublishedseveralstoriesinslickmagazinessuchasCollier'sandTheSaturdayEveningPost.HealsocontinuedtosubmitstoriestoTheNewYorker,butwithlittlesuccess;itrejectedallofhissubmissionsfrom1944to1946,andin1945rejectedagroupof15poems.Post-waryearsAfterGermany'sdefeat,Salingersignedupforasix-monthperiodofDenazificationdutyinGermanyfortheCounterintelligenceCorps.HelivedinWeissenburgand,soonafter,marriedawomannamedSylviaWelter.HebroughthertotheUnitedStatesinApril1946,butthemarriagefellapartaftereightmonthsandSylviareturnedtoGermany.Yearslater,in1972,Salinger'sdaughterMargaretwaswithhimwhenhereceivedaletterfromSylvia.Helookedattheenvelope,andwithoutreadingit,toreitapart.Itwasthefirsttimehehadheardfromhersincethebreakup,butasMargaretputit,whenhewasfinishedwithaperson,hewasthroughwiththem.In1946,WhitBurnettagreedtohelpSalingerpublishacollectionofhisshortstoriesthroughStoryPress'sLippincottImprint.Bythelate1940s,SalingerhadbecomeanavidfollowerofZenBuddhism,tothepointthathegavereadinglistsonthesubjecttohisdatesandarrangedameetingwithBuddhistscholarD.T.Suzuki.In1948,hesubmittedashortstorytitledAPerfectDayforBananafishtoTheNewYorker.Themagazinewassoimpressedwiththesingularqualityofthestorythatitseditorsaccepteditforpublicationimmediately,andsignedSalingertoacontractthatallowedthemrightoffirstrefusalonanyfuturestories.LiterarystyleandthemesInacontributor'snoteSalingergavetoHarper'sMagazinein1946,hewrote:Ialmostalwayswriteaboutveryyoungpeople,astatementwhichhasbeenreferredtoashiscredo.AdolescentsarefeaturedorappearinallofSalinger'swork,fromhisfirstpublishedshortstory.Salinger'slanguage,especiallyhisenergetic,realisticallysparsedialogue,wasrevolutionaryatthetimehisfirststorieswerepublished,andwasseenbyseveralcriticsasthemostdistinguishingthingabouthiswork.Salingeridentifiedcloselywithhischaracters,andusedtechniquessuchasinteriormonologue,letters,andexten