Inca-civilization

IncacivilizationHistory•Origin•KingdomofCuzco•Reorganizationandformation•Expansionandconsolidation•Spanishconquest•LastIncasOrigin•Incanoralhistorymentionsthreepossibleplacesoforiginoftheirpeople.ThreecavesnearPacariqtambo,LakeTiticaca(的的喀喀湖)andTambo(坦博)•AyarMancobecameknownasMancoCápac,thefounderoftheInca.ItissaidthatheandhissistersbuiltthefirstIncahomesinthevalleywiththeirownhands.Whenthetimecame,MancoCápacturnedtostonelikehisbrothersbeforehim.Hisson,SinchiRoca,becamethesecondemperoroftheIncaKingdomofCuzcoTerritoryincluded(modern):ColumbiaEcuador(厄瓜多尔)ChileArgentinaPeruBolivia（玻利维亚）PachacutireorganizedthekingdomofCuscointotheTahuantinsuyu,whichconsistedofacentralgovernmentwiththeIncaatitsheadandfourprovincialgovernmentswithstrongleaders.PachacutiisalsothoughttohavebuiltMachuPicchu,eitherasafamilyhomeorasasummerretreat,althoughthereisspeculationthatMachuPicchuwasconstructedasanagriculturalstation.MachuPicchuReorganizationandformationExpansionandconsolidationSpanishconquestSpanishconquistadorsledbyFranciscoPizarroandhisbrothersexploredsouthfromwhatistodayPanama,reachingIncaterritoryby1526.Itwasclearthattheyhadreachedawealthylandwithprospectsofgreattreasure,andafteronemoreexpeditionin1529,PizarrotraveledtoSpainandreceivedroyalapprovaltoconquertheregionandbeitsviceroy.LastIncasIn1572thelastIncastrongholdwasconquered,andthelastruler,TúpacAmaru,Manco'sson,wascapturedandexecuted.AfterthefalloftheIncaEmpiremanyaspectsofIncacultureweresystematicallydestroyed.Smallpox（天花）wasonlythefirstepidemicTyphus（斑疹伤寒症）in1546Influenza（流感）andsmallpoxtogetherin1558Smallpoxagainin1589Diphtheria（白喉）in1614Measles（麻疹）in1618--AllravagedtheremainsofIncaculture