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跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauUnit5:CultureandVerbalCommunication�跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau牛刀小试1.Allculturesrequireandvaluepoliteness,butthewaysinwhichpolitenessisachievedmayvarysignificantly.2.Addressingformslike“MissMary”,“Brown”bytheChinesemaybeaformofculturalcompromise.3.RanksinthearmedforceslikeCaptain,Colonelcanbeusedastitles.4.WesternerscanunderstandwhatUnclepolicemanorP.L.A.Unclemeans.FTTT�跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau•5.WecanaddressJasonDouglas,whoisalawyer,asLawyerDouglas.•6.ChinesehospitalitytowardtheWesternersisalwaysgreatlyappreciated.•7.TheChinesewayofshowingconcernisusuallyappreciatedbytheWesterners.•8.“Thankyouforcoming!”isatypicalexpressionusedbyWesternhostswhentheguestsjustarrived.ComprehensionCheckFFFF�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauTeachingObjectives•1.Tounderstandhowlanguageandculturearecloselylinked•2.TounderstandpragmaticsininterculturalCommunication•3.Identifytheculturaldifferencesin,greetings,smalltalks,conversationaltopics,complimentandresponse,visiting,parting,gratitudeandapology,etc.•“verbal”means“consistingofwords”.Language,spokenorwritten,isameansofverbalcommunication.•Verbalcommunicationreferstothecommunicationthatiscarriedeitherinoralorinwrittenformwiththeuseofwords.•Verbalinterculturalcommunicationhappenswhenpeoplefromdifferentculturalbackgroundscommunicatewitheachotherbyusinglanguage.•Masteringallthoserulesoflanguage，suchasphonology,morphology,syntaxandsemantics,isstillnotenoughforeffectivecommunication,forlanguageandculturecannotbeseparated.•Theyareintertwined,shapingeachother,asinthechickenandeggdilemma---whichcamefirst,thelanguageortheculture?•Whenselectingwords,formingsentences,andsendingamessage,eitheroralorwritten,onealsomakesculturalchoices.BACK•Languagecanbeusedtoperformmanytasks:toaddresspeople,tocomplimentpeople,tomakearequest,toextendaninvitation,todeclareamanandawomanhusbandandwife,andeventosentenceacriminaltodeath.•Pragmaticsisthestudyoftheeffectthatlanguagehasonhumanperceptionsandbehaviors.Bylearningpragmatics,wecanunderstandhowtocommunicateproperly.•Oureverydaycommunicationisfilledwithsuchpragmaticuseoflanguage,buttherealizationofspeechactisdifferentfromculturetoculture.:ShouldIreplyinEnglishwayorChineseway?Prof.Xia:InEnglishway.Prof.Graham:Then,yes.Prof.Xia:TeainEnglishwayaswell?Prof.Graham:No,inChinesewaythistime.Prof.Xia:Jollygood.You’vesavedme.Justoutofmilk.Prof.Graham:(startslaughing)BACK•Identifytheculturaldifferencesin:greetings,smalltalks,conversationaltopics,complimentandresponse,visiting,parting,gratitudeandapology,etc打招呼/问候/寒暄�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauGreetings打招呼/问候•上哪去？•去哪啦？•吃过了吗？Whereareyougoing?Wherehaveyoubeen?Haveyouhadyourmeal?It’snoneofyourbusiness!�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauHaveyouhadyourmeal?•“WhenIfirstwenttoHongKonganumberofyearsago,IhadnoideaabouttheChineselanguageortheChineseculture.Shortlyaftermyarrival,Iwenttothebankonmywaytoschool.IwasextremelysurprisedwhenthebankclerkaskedmeifIhadhadmylunch.Iproceededtoschoolandwasevenmoresurprisedwhenoneoftheteachersaskedmethesamequestion.BynowIrealizedthatitcouldnotbeaninvitation,butIwaspuzzledastowhytheykeptaskingit.…”�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauHaveyouhadyourmeal?•“…Inthefollowingdays,asIwasaskedthequestionagainandagain,Icametotheconclusionthatpeoplemustbeconcernedaboutmyhealth.Iwassomewhatunderweight,andIassumedtheymustbeworriedthatIwasnoteatingproperly.Onlylater,didIfindoutthatthequestionhadnorealsignificanceatall,itwasmerelyagreeting.”�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauHaveyouhadyourmeal?•“InBritishculture,thisquestionwouldberegardedasanindirectinvitationtolunch,andbetweenunmarriedyoungpeopleitindicatesayoungman’sinterestindatingagirl.Sincehewasacompletestranger,Iwasquitetakenaback.”�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauWhereareyougoing?/Wherehaveyoubeen?•“Englishpeoplehaveaverystrongsenseofprivacy.Theyareeasilyoffendedbycommentswhichseemtoinvadepersonallives,sotheChinesegreeting“whereareyougoing?”isuncomfortabletothem.Theyregarditasarequestforinformationandasaninvasionoftheirprivacy.Infact,manyforeignteachersinChinahavecomplainedthattheirroomattendants服务员arespiesbecausetheattendantshavegreetedthemwith“whereareyougoing?”•---HelenOately,1988�跨文化交际-Sarah-Scau�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauPrivacy•1)thestateofbeinghiddenorundisturbed,aperson'srighttothis•2)freedomfromintrusion侵扰orpublicattention•3)avoidanceofpublicity•--TheConciseOxfordDictionaryofContemporaryEnglish•秘密，隐私，私下，独处，不愿别人干涉�跨文化交际-Sarah-ScauPrivacy•Theinformationthatonewishtoremainunnoticedinthepublicrealm.•Whensomethingisprivatetoaperson,itusuallymeansthereissomethingwithinthemthatisconsideredinherently内在的specialorpersonallysensitive敏感的.•Privacycanbeseenasanaspectofsecurity.�InEnglish•Poke/pryintootherpeople'sbusiness打听别人的事•meddleinotherpeople’saffairs干涉别人的事(meddlers干涉