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HOWCAN“GOODSOLDIERS”ENHANCEORGANIZATIOANLPERFORMANCE:KNOWLEDGESHARINGASAMEDIATORChi-WeiLiu1,Shih-ChiehFang2andPei-WenHuang31Lecturer,ManagementSchool,HungKuangTechnologyUniversity,Taichung,TaiwanDoctoralstudent,GraduateSchoolofManagement,I-ShouUniversity,Kaohsiung,Taiwan2Professor,DepartmentofMarketingandDistributionManagement,NationalKaohsiungFirstUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Kaohsiung,Taiwan3Lecturer,DepartmentofInternationalTrade,Cheng-ShiuUniversity,Kaohsiung,TaiwanDoctoralstudent,GraduateSchoolofManagement,I-ShouUniversity,Kaohsiung,TaiwanCorrespondence:Lecturer,ManagementSchool,HungKuangTechnologyUniversity,Taichung,TaiwanDoctoralstudent,GraduateSchoolofManagement,I-ShouUniversity,Kaohsiung,TaiwanTel:8867426233427E-mail:[e-mail]“GOODSOLDIERS”ENHANCEORGANIZATIOANLPERFORMANCE:KNOWLEDGESHARINGASAMEDIATORABSTRACTThoughorganizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB)hasbeenregardedasanimportantconceptinthatitisthoughttobeabletoenhanceorganizationalperformancebypromotingtheeffectivefunctioningoftheorganization,thisconceptualplausibilityhasreceivedlittleempiricalattention.Thus,thispaperaimstobroadenourknowledgeontheeffectofOCBonorganizationalperformancebyproposingknowledgesharingasamediatoroftherelationshipbetweenOCBandnewproductdevelopment(NPD).Basedontheassumptionthatanorganizationfunctionsasasocialcommunity,bysynthesizingandexaminingtherelevanttheories,wegeneratethatsocialexchangetheoryandpsychologicalcontractserveasthetheoreticalunderpinningstherelationshipofOCBandNPDposits.ThemoderatingeffectoftrustontherelationshipofOCBandknowledgesharingisproposedtobeexaminedinthisstudy.Keywords:organizationalcitizenshipbehavior,organizationperformance,knowledgesharing,socialexchangetheory,psychologicalcontract,newproductdevelopmentINTRODUCTIONOrganizationalcitizenshipbehavior(OCB)hasbeenthefocusofconsiderableattentionsinceOrgan(1988)proposedthatorganizationalcitizenshipbehaviorisrelatedtoindividualandorganizationperformance(Podsakoff,Mackenzie,Paine&Bachrach,2000;Organ,1997;Podsakoff,Ahearne&MacKenzie,1997;Krilowicz&Lowery,1996;Organ&Ryan,1995;Podsakoff&MacKenzie,1994;George&Battenhausen,1990).Organ(1988)describedOCBasgoodsolidersyndrome,suchdiscretionarybehaviorisusuallynotdirectlyorexplicitlyrecognizedbytheformalrewardsystembutintheaggregatepromotestheeffectivefunctioningofanorganization.However,toourknowledge,itissurprisingthatthisconceptualplausibility,comparedwiththeinterestinidentifyingtheantecedentsofOCBs,hasreceivedlittleempiricalattention(Podsakoffetal.,2000).Thus,tobroadenourknowledgeabouttheeffectofOCBonorganizationalperformance,morefocusneedstobeput.Especiallywhenaneradominatedbyknowledgeeconomy,nowadaystoexaminewhetherOCBcanenhanceknowledgemanagementperformanceinanorganizationmaybeinneedofmoreattention.Fromknowledgemanagementperspective,organizationalmembersaretheprimarylearningentityinorganizations(Dodgson,1999).Theseimportantknowledgecarriersproceedwithknowledgeactivitiessuchasknowledgesharing,transfer,integration,absorptionandapplicationwithintheorganization.Accordingly,inpromotingorganizationalperformanceonknowledgemanagementactivities,organizationmembersplayvitalroles.Ontheotherhand,empiricalfindingsofearlierOCBresearchalsoshowedthatOCBhasapositiveimpactonenhancingorganizationalperformance(Podsakoff&MacKenzie,1994;Podsakoff,Ahearne&MacKenzie1997).Inlinewiththis,wearguethatifanorganizationwithmoreemployeesproceedingwithOCBs,itwillhaveapositiveimpactonorganizationalknowledgeperformance.Andourargumentissupportedbysomeresearch(cf.,Davenport&Prusak,1998;Bouty,2000;Osterloh&Frey,2000).Inanalyzingtheantecedentsofknowledgesharinginanorganization,theseresearchconceptuallyproposedthatOCBwasoneoftheantecedentsofknowledgesharing.TheirargumentaddedadistinctivebutreasonableperspectivetotheexistingempiricalfindingsontheantecedentsofknowledgesharingandtheimpactofOCB.Itimpliesthatmembersshowingmoreorganizationalcitizenshipbehavioraremorewillingtoshareknowledgewiththeirco-workers.Nevertheless,thiscontentionwentlargelyunnoticedbutprovidedanotherdirectiontoinvestigatetheimpactofOCBonknowledgeactivities.WearguethatifOCBdoesserveastheantecedentofknowledgesharing,andthenhowdoestherelationshiptransformintooneoftheorganizationperformance?Inaknowledgeeconomyera,inordertomakefastresponsestotheintensecompetitionandsatisfycustomers’rapidandchangeabledemands,afirm’scapabilityofdesigninganddevelopingnewproductswilldeterminethesurvivalandgrowthofthefirm(Zander&Kogut,1995).Thus,whatarethedecisivefactorsdeterminingthesuccessofaNPDneedsinvestigating.WillOCBinfluencetheperformanceofNPDinanorganization?Ifourassumptionissupported,howdothesecitizenshipbehaviorsenhancetheperformanceofNPD?Newproductdevelopmentisregarded,togreatextent,asanembodimentofknowledgecreation.Duringtheprocessofknowledgecreation,knowledgesharingservesasthecorefoundation(Nonaka,1994).Withouteffectivefunctioningofknowledgesharing,theknowledgeembeddedanddispersedinindividualsintheorganizationwillbelesslikelytransferredinanorganization.Accordingly,whileexam