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ENGLISHFORGRADUATESTUDENTSLanguageLearningEastMeetsWestinU.S.SchoolsAbouttheauthorEdwardB.Fiske,theformerEducationEditorofTheNewYorkTimes,isaninternationallyknowneducationcorrespondent,editor,andlecturerwhoiswidelyregardedasoneofthenation’sleadingeducationwritersandobserversofeducationatalllevels,fromprimarythroughhighereducation.HegraduatedfromWesleyanUniversityandreceivedamaster'sdegreeintheologyfromPrincetonTheologicalSeminaryandamaster'sdegreeinpoliticalsciencefromColumbiaUniversity.FiskeisperhapsbestknownintheUnitedStatesastheauthorofthebest-sellingFiskeGuidetoColleges(Sourcebooks)andnumerousotherbooksoncollegeadmissions.HewritesregularlyforUNESCO,USAID,theWorldBank,theAsiaSociety,theAcademyforEducationalDevelopmentandotherorganizationsonissuesofeducationindevelopingcountries.Hismostrecentbook,co-authoredwithHelenF.Ladd,isElusiveEquity:EducationReforminPost-ApartheidSouthAfrica,thatwaspublishedin2004byBrookingsInstitutionPress.FiskeandLaddpreviouslyauthoredWhenSchoolsCompete:ACautionaryTale,astudyofmarket-basedschoolreforminNewZealandthatwaspublishedin2000.AsasenioradvisortoWidmeyerCommunications,Fiskeworkswithbusinessleaders,academics,policymakers,researchers,andeducationorganizationstoshape,clarify,andarticulatetheiragendasforimprovingAmericaneducation.ThearticleshehasauthoredforthemhaveappearedinEducationWeek,theLosAngelesTimes,theWallStreetJournalandotherpublications.TheSovietUnionwasaconstitutionallysocialiststatethatexistedontheterritoryofmostoftheformerRussianEmpireinEurasiabetween1922and1991.TheSovietUnion,dominatedbytheCommunistParty,wasfoundedinDecember1922,aftertheRussianRevolutionof1917andvictoryofRussianCivilWar.AfterthedeathofVladimirLenin,thefirstSovietleader,powerwaseventuallyconsolidatedbyJosephStalin,wholedthecountrythroughalarge-scaleindustrializationwithcommandeconomyandpoliticalrepression.DuringWorldWarII,inJune1941,theSovietUnionwasattackedbyGermany.TheSovietUnionAfterfouryearsofwarfare,theSovietUnionemergedasoneoftheworld'stwosuperpowers,extendingitsinfluenceintomuchofEasternEuropeandbeyond.TheColdWar,aglobalideologicalandpoliticalstrugglebetweentheSovietUnionanditssatellitesfromtheEasternBlocontheonesideandtheUnitedStatesanditsalliesontheotherside.Inthelate1980sthelastSovietleaderMikhailGorbachevtriedtoreformthestatewithhispoliciesofperestroikaandglasnost,buttheSovietUnionultimatelycollapsedandwasformallydissolvedinDecember1991aftertheabortiveAugustcoupattempt.SincethentheRussianFederationisexercisingitsrightsandfulfillingitsobligations.RussiaistheleadingmemberoftheCommonwealthofIndependentStatesandarecognizedglobalpower,inheritingitsforeignrepresentativesandmuchofitsmilitaryfromtheformerSovietUnion.E.g.1)IthinkthattheChristianbaptismisbyimmersion.我认为基督徒洗礼是浸洗。2)Thedirtonthebottomofthebathdidn’tencouragetotalimmersion.浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中。1.immersionn.coveringwithwater;submerging浸没3)Consciousnessoflifereferstotheindividual'sstandpointandattitudetowardsthephenomenonandessenceoflife.Itreflectstheindividual’spersonaltemperamentandculturalimmersion.生命意识,即个体对生命现象与生命本质的立场、态度与价值取向,它所折射的是个体的人格气质与文化濡染。4)immersioninstudy埋头研究5)immersioninthought沉思E.g.1）Isalargeheadindicativeofhighintelligence?头大是不是表示智慧高？2)Theirfailuretoactisindicativeoftheirlackofinterestintheproblem.他们没有采取行动，表明他们对这个问题不感兴趣。3)Theirfailuretoactisindicativethattheyhavenointerestintheproblem.他们没采取行动,表明他们对个问题不感兴趣。2.indicativeadj.suggestive指示的；表示的E.g.1)Virtuallyallthememberswereinagreementwiththeproposal.几乎所有的成员都同意这项提议。2)Itisvirtuallyimpossibletopredictthefutureaccurately.精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。3）Sheissosolicitousandpersistentthatshevirtuallykillsyouwithkindness.她非常关心而固执，以致她的善意实际上反而使人感到尴尬。3.virtuallyadj.infact;practically;nearly;almost实际上；几乎4)Twoindependentinvestigatorshavereachedvirtuallythesameconclusions.两个调查人员各自做出的结论简直完全一致。E.g.1)Weareinsubstantialagreement.我们实际上意见一致。2)Theywanttoseesubstantialchanges.他们想看到实质性的变3)Wasitsomethingsubstantialthatyousaw,orwasitaghost?你见到的是实物,还是鬼魂?4.substantialadj.material;trueorreal;ample;considerable物质的；真实的；丰富的；相当多的4)Thearchitectureofthishouseisverysubstantial.这座房子的结构很牢固。5)Icaremoreaboutthespirituallifethanthesubstantiallife.和物质生活相比，我更注重精神生活。6)Bycarefulstrategyshenegotiatedasubstantialpayrise.她精心策画後,谈妥了大幅增加工资的事。E.g.1)Wearehavingdifficultiesinrecruitingwell-qualifiedstaff.我们难以招募到素质好的职员。2）Manycollegeshavespecialpoliciesinrecruitingminoritystudents.很多大学都用特殊政策吸收少数民族学生的大学。3）Newrecruitstoourmusicclubarealwayswelcome.我们的音乐俱乐部随时欢迎新会员参加。5.recruitv.toenroll;toenlist征募；招收n.新兵；新成员4）Thisjobpresentsmanydifficultiestothenewrecruit.这件工作对新手来说困难重重。E.g.1）Icertifythathehasreceivedyourmoney.我证明他已经收到了你的钱。2）Icancertifytoherhonesty.我可以证明她是诚实的。3）Hewascertifiedandsenttoamentalhospital.他经诊断为精神失常而送往精神病院.4）Icertifythatthisisatruecopy.我证明这是真副本。6.certifyv.confirm;qualify确认；证明合格E.g.1)TheCommunistPartyhasaligneditselfwiththeSocialists.共产党与社会党结成了联盟。2)Couldyoualignthistablewiththose?你能把这张桌子同那些桌子排成一行吗？3)Ourcompanyshouldalignourselveswiththeirs.我们的公司必须与他们的公司合作。7.alignv.tofallintoaline成一条线E.g.1)Thatfootballteamisourally.那个足球队