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Teammembers：Presenter：SinglishSingaporeColloquialEnglish=Singlish•SingaporeEnglishisoneofthevarietiesofEnglishintheworld.Itsexpressionsareverydifferentfromothervarietiesbecauseofitsmulti-culturalbackgrounds.•Accordingtotheformal,informalsituation,SingaporeEnglishcanbedividedinto:SingaporeStandardEnglishandSingaporeColloquialEnglish(=Singlish).HistoricalBackground•AsamemberstateoftheCommonwealth,theRepublicofSingapore(ROS)wasfoundedin1965.•Singaporehasapopulationof3million,with76%ofChinese,15%ofMalaysians,7%ofIndians,and2%ofArabsandEuropeans.(LiGuinan2002)Languages&DialectsinSingapore(multi-ethnicandmulti-lingual)•Fourofficiallanguages:English,Mandarin,Malay,andTamil.•PopularChinesedialectsinSingapore:Cantonese（粤语）,Hakka（土家话）,Hainandialect（海南方言）,Chaozhoudialect（潮州方言）,andFujiandialect（福建方言）.DistinctiveregionalandculturalfeaturesofSinglish•SinglishisdifferentfromBritishEnglishinthemainaspectssuchasphonetics,grammarandlexicology.DistinctivePhoneticFeatureⅠ•ThevowelsystemofSinglishhasnolengthsymbols.•E.g.thewords“meet”and“kid”arepronouncedas/mi:t/and/kid/inRP,butas/mit/and/kid/inSinglish.•Thatistosay,thetenbasicvowelsarereducedintofive,asisshowninthefollowingdiagram.新英RP例词新英RP例词ii:beatuu:bootibitubookεεbetoɔ:caughtæbatɔcotaa:cartʌcut（包智明2003）DistinctivePhoneticFeatureⅡ•InSinglishtheconsonantsyllableattheendofawordusuallydoesn’tpronounce.•E.g.“Youshouldgotobed”ispronouncedas/yuʃugəutəbe/.DistinctivePhoneticFeatureⅢ•InSinglish,thevoicedconsonantsandthevoicelessconsonantsaremixedup.•E.g.let=led,pat=bat,come=gum,etc.•/θ/and/ð/arepronouncedas/t/and/d/.•E.g.“Youthinkhe’sateacher”ispronouncedinto/yutinhizaditə/DistinctivePhoneticFeatureⅣ•Whenthelateralconsonant/l/isputattheendofaword,itspronunciationisoftenomittedinSinglish.•E.g.ballispronouncedas/bɔ/,stoolas/stu/.•Sometimesthevaguesound/l/isreplacedby/ə/.E.g.peopleis/pipə/;littleis/lidə/.Also/r/issometimespronouncedas/l/.e.g.Riceisreadaslice.Friedisreadasflied.Friedrice?Flylice?GrammaticalFeaturesofSinglish•Ⅰ.UndertheinfluenceofChinesedialects,especiallyMinandYuedialects,theuseofmodalparticles（语气词）isaspecialfeatureofSinglish,suchas“lah,leh,ahh,meh,hor,liao,ar,one,lor”…Butheverygoodatmusic,that’swhycanplaypianomah!mah—粤方言的“嘛”Ifyoudon’tdothehousework,thenyoudie-dielor!lor—粤方言的“啰”Youdon’tlikethatmeh?meh—粤方言的“咩”Henevergotoschoolone.（他从来不上学的!）one—粤方言的“嘅(gě)”或闽南方言的“呃”Givemeleh!（给我啊！）leh—闽方言的“啊”Thisfoodisdelicioushor!（食物挺好吃吧！）hor—闽方言的“吧”或粤方言的“哦”Thisboyar,alwayssonaughtyone!（这个男孩儿诶，老是这么调皮！）ar—闽方言的“诶（ěi）”•Ⅱ表现在冠词、be动词、动词第三人称单数、名词复数标记等的省略。•如：Hewenttoofficeyesterday.（省略the）;•Thishouseverynice.（缺动词is）;•Mymom,shecomefromChinamanyyearago.（缺动词第三人称和名词复数的标记）•Ⅲ新加坡英语非常重视话题语，所以和汉语一样，常常用宾语前置的办法来突出主题。•如ThisbookIdon’thave.（这里thisbook受到重视）；•Meyoudon’tgiveitto.（这里强调宾语me）•Ⅳ新加坡英语通过重复表示强调，通过形容词复用来加强形容词所表示的语义的程度，和闽南人的表达习惯相符。•如：出发时的Go，go，go！Gositcar!（去！去！去！去坐车！）•招呼客人的Comeinplease.Sit!Sit!Sit!（请进，坐！坐！坐！）•thatfat-fatman;slow-by-slow（即slowly，慢慢地）•BorrowingWords•TheloanwordsofSinglisharemainlyfromChineseandMalay.•kiasu（闽南话怕输）•cheam深奥，难懂（粤语“深”）•hamsap好色（粤语“咸涩”）•Keksim使生气（粤语“激心”）•eatsnake吃蛇，•即旷课、矿工（闽南话）LexicalFeaturesofSinglish汉语•makan吃饭•tolong帮忙•hantan打•tahan忍受•shakeleg抖脚，即无所事事马来语VideoClipAQuestiontoThinkAboutAfterClass•SomesaySinglishisahandicaplanguage,anditshouldbecastaway,soalltheSingaporepeopleshould“speakgoodEnglish”.Isthatright?Willthatbepossible?References•Bao,Zhiming.2001.TheoriginsofemptycategoriesinSingaporeEnglish[J].JournalofPidginandCreoleLanguages16:275-319.•Bao,Zhiming.2003.SeveralgrammaticalfeaturesofSingaporeEnglish.[J].ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch(bimonthly)35:20-25.•Chen,Henghan.2009.LanguagePolicyVsSinglish:SatireandHumor.JournalofHuaqiaoUniversity1:126-132.•Gupta,A.F.1992.ThepragmaticparticlesofSingaporeColloquialEnglish[J].JournalofPragmatics18:31-57.•Li,Guinan.2002.OnSingaporeWaysofSpeakingEnglish.JournalofGuangxiTeachersCollege(SocialScienceEdition)23:90-94.•Platt,Johnt..TheSingaporeEnglishSpeechContinuumandItsBasilect“Singlish”asa“Greoloid”[J].AnthropologicalLinguistics,1975,Vol.17.•Tay,M.W.J.1982.ThephonologyofeducatedSingaporeEnglish[J].EnglishWord-wide3:135-145.•Yuan,Caihong.2000.TheHistoricalBackgroundofSingaporeEnglishandItsLanguageFeatures.JournalofForeignLanguages3:44-47.新加坡河畔鱼尾狮像Merlion高八米重四十吨国花卓锦万代兰