网络故障诊断

InternetworkTroubleshooting培训目标掌握一般性故障判断与处理的流程学会使用一至两种工具(软件)来进行故障诊断学会使用系统提供的相关命令来进行网络故障诊断了解一些常见的故障及其可能的原因故障诊断流程故障诊断流程定义故障收集现象估计可能性制订行动计划实施行动观察结果重复过程问题解决,结束现象不存在现象仍存在故障诊断工具故障诊断工具仪表万用表电缆测试仪/光纤测试仪误码表数据发生器协议分析仪故障诊断工具网管工具HPOVSunNetManagerCAUnicenterTNGIBMTivoli/NetViewCiscoWorks其它工具故障诊断工具系统命令Cisco路由器系统命令–show–debug–ping–trace–logging故障诊断工具系统命令Solaris系统命令–ping–ifconfig–netstat–nslookup–arp命令故障诊断工具其它工具snoopsniffertcpdumparpwatch其它软件路由器/交换机的故障诊断正确理解路由器路由与交换的原理了解Cisco路由器硬件结构从路由器诊断命令的输出中发现问题为Cisco技术支持人员提供诊断信息Cisco路由器系统命令Ping命令(user)rtr1-c-1-bjbjping(202.97.16.195)[OK]Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending5,100-byteICMPEchoesto192.18.97.195,timeoutis2seconds:!!!.!Successrateis80percent(4/5),round-tripmin/avg/max=548/853/1204msPing命令(user)字符描述!收到响应.超时U目标不可达N网络不可达P协议不可达Q源终结M不能拆分包?不知道的包类型Ping扩展命令r4#pingProtocol[ip]:TargetIPaddress:10.1.6.231Repeatcount[5]:10Datagramsize[100]:200Timeoutinseconds[2]:3Extendedcommands[n]:ySourceaddressorinterface:10.1.6.232Typeofservice[0]:1SetDFbitinIPheader?[no]:Validatereplydata?[no]:Datapattern[0xABCD]:0x0000Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[none]:rNumberofhops[9]:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[RV]:Sweeprangeofsizes[n]:Typeescapesequencetoabort.Sending10,200-byteICMPEchosto10.1.6.231,timeoutis3seconds:Packethasdatapattern0x0000PackethasIPoptions:Totaloptionbytes=39,paddedlength=40Recordroute:*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0Ping扩展命令(con’t)Replytorequest0(4ms).ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:10.1.6.23210.1.6.23110.1.6.232*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0EndoflistReplytorequest1(4ms).ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:10.1.6.23210.1.6.23110.1.6.232*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0EndoflistReplytorequest2(4ms).ReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:10.1.6.23210.1.6.23110.1.6.232*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0EndoflistSuccessrateis100percent(10/10),round-tripmin/avg/max=1/4/8msTrace命令(user)rtr1-c-1-bjbjtrace202.97.18.60Typeescapesequencetoabort.Tracingtheroutetoflow-shsh.cn.net(202.97.18.60)11p1-rtr3-c-1-bjbj.cn.net(202.97.9.2)0msec0msec0msec2202.97.9.16620msec16msec16msec32p0-rtr4-c-1-shsh.cn.net(202.97.9.82)20msec16msec20msec46p0x0-rtr2-r-1-shsh.cn.net(202.97.10.42)20msec20msec20msec5flow-shsh.cn.net(202.97.18.60)20msec*16msecTrace命令(user)字符描述*超时?不知道的数据包类型Q源终结P协议不可达N网络不可达U端口不可达H主机不可达Trace扩展命令r4#traceProtocol[ip]:TargetIPaddress:10.1.6.231Sourceaddress:10.1.6.232Numericdisplay[n]:5Timeoutinseconds[3]:Probecount[3]:MinimumTimetoLive[1]:2MaximumTimetoLive[30]:PortNumber[33434]:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[none]:rNumberofhops[9]:Loose,Strict,Record,Timestamp,Verbose[RV]:Typeescapesequencetoabort.Trace扩展命令(Con‘t)Tracingtherouteto10.1.6.231210.1.6.2310msecReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:10.1.6.23210.1.6.231*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0Endoflist*0msecReceivedpackethasoptionsTotaloptionbytes=40,paddedlength=40Recordroute:10.1.6.23210.1.6.231*0.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.00.0.0.0EndoflistShow命令rtr1-c-1-bjbjshintf4/0/0FastEthernet4/0/0isadministrativelydown,lineprotocolisdownHardwareiscyBusFastEthernetInterface,addressis0050.a253.8080(bia0050.a253.8080)Description:beijingC1-beijingRegion100MInternetaddressis202.97.8.253/30MTU1500bytes,BW100000Kbit,DLY100usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationARPA,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec),fdx,100BaseTX/FXARPtype:ARPA,ARPTimeout04:00:00Lastinput10w6d,output10w6d,outputhangneverLastclearingofshowinterfacecounters18w4dQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,535drops;inputqueue0/75,1716drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/secShow命令(Con‘t)15628691packetsinput,2423133689bytes,0nobufferReceived698983broadcasts,0runts,0giants0inputerrors,0CRC,0frame,0overrun,0ignored,0abort0watchdog,0multicast0inputpacketswithdribbleconditiondetected25793600packetsoutput,4210267836bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,3interfaceresets0babbles,0latecollision,0deferred0lostcarrier,0nocarrier0outputbufferscopied,0interrupts,0failuresShow命令rtr1-c-1-bjbjshints0/0/0Serial0/0/0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareiscyBusSerialDescription:bjbj-mci-c-2M-01toMCI(BEIJING-SACRAM2048K003)Internetaddressis204.189.216.146/30MTU1500bytes,BW1984Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:07,output00:00:07,outputhangneverLastclearingofshowinterfacecounters18w4dQueueingstrategy:fifoOutputqueue0/40,455018414drops;inputqueue0/75,124drops5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate15000bits/sec,1packets/sec110103206packetsinput,3264989278bytes,1nobufferReceived0broadcasts,0runts,0giants11447inputerrors,9191CRC,0frame,28overrun,0ignored,2228abort3720562109packetsoutput,503074661bytes,0underruns0outputerrors,0collisions,534interfaceresets0outputbufferscopied,0interrupts,0failures214c