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,2009,30(10):85288ProgressinVeterinaryMedicine,,3(,,730046):(IGSS)(DIGFA)(GICA),,,,:;;:S852.729:A:100725038(2009)1020085204(Toxoplasma),,,,,,,,(),,,,1,,,;[1]1971,FaulkWP[2],,,,:2009205212:(2GS0552A432057):(1976-),,,,,3ProgressontheKaryotypeStudyofOncomelaniaGUXiang2yun1,LIUGuo2hua2(1.DorjePetHospital,PanyuDistrict,Guangzhou,Guangdong,511400,China;2.CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,HunanAgriculturalUniversity,Changsha,Hunan,410128,China)Abstract:Recently,thedeepandsystematicresearchesontheintermediatehostofSchistosomawereconduc2tedunderthesupervisionofthedualcontrolstrategyofWHO.Theconcentrationofcolchicinesandhypo2tonictimeandpreparationmethodwerethekeysforpreparationofchromosomeofOncomelania.Oncomelaniakaryotypeconsistsoftwoaspectsthenumberofchromosomesandchromosomemorphology.Themainreasonsforthedifferentkaryotypesproducedaregographicaldifferencesanddifferentgeograph2icalpopulations.StudiesonOncomelaniakaryotypemayprovideabroadspacefordevelopmentofchromo2somebandingtechnology.ThispaperreviewedOncomelaniakaryotype.Keywords:Oncomelania;chromosome;karyotype1974,RomanoEL[3],1978,GeogheganWD[4],B,(immuno2goldstaining,IGS)1980,GeogheganJH[5]1981Dan2scherG[6]IGS(immu2nogoldsilverstaining,IGSS)1983,HolgateCS[7]IGS1986,FritzP[8]IGSS(colourimmunogoldsilverstaining,CIGSS),1989,SpielbergF[9],,(dotimmu2nogoldfiltrationassay,DIGFA)1990,Os2kiowiczG[10](goldimmunochromatographyassay,GICA)1990BeggeM[11](humanchorionicgonadotropin,HCG)GICA,2,IGSSDIGFAGICA2.1IGSS,,,,,[12],,IFAT,2h2.2DIGFA[(NC)],NC,,,,NC(),,0.5cm0.8cmDIGFAIgM[13]SPA,,IgGDIGFA,ELISADIGFA(92.3%)(99.4%)(99.5%)[14]2SPA,DIG2FA[15]DIGFA232260,11.21%1.92%IHA99.39%2.3GICA10,,,,[16][17][18][19][20][21],,,DIGFA,GICA,ELISA,[22],7530,ELISA95%(P0.05),ELISA20,20%,,6820093010(195),,HirataH[23]S2(GST)(G2rSAG2t),,100%(ELISA),,[24],,,IHA82.4%,IHA,,3,,5,2dIHA,,,[25],,ELISA96%[26]205,,18,8.78%,IHA205,11,5.37%,IHA,,5min[27]GICAELISA1200,96.16%,[28]1206,6.72%(81/1206),852,2.82%(24/852)3,DIGFAGICA,,,,,,,,1996WHOdipstick,,,:,;(),;,,,,;3:,,;,,,,,ChoJH[29],,,;3,,,HelmM[30]TROPT2T,,:[1].[J].,1997,4(2):91293.[2]FaulkWP,TaylorGM.Animmunocolloidmethodforthee2lectronmicroscope[J].Immunochemistry,1971,8(11):108121083.[3]RomanoEL,StolinskiC,Hughes2JonesNC.Anantiglobulinreagentlabelledwithcolloidalgoldforuseinelectronmicros2copy[J].Immunochemistry,1974,11(8):5212522.[4]GeogheganWD,AmbegaonkarS,CalvanicoNJ,etal.Pas2sivegoldagglutination.Analternativetopassivehemaggluti2nation[J].ImmunolMethods,1980,34(1):11221.[5]LeuveringJH,ThalPJ,vanderWaartM,etal.Solparticleimmunoassay(SPIA)[J].Immunoassay,1980,1(1):77291.[6]DanscherG.Lightandelectronmicroscopiclocalizationofsil278:verinbiologicaltissue[J].Histochemistry,1981,71(2):1772186.[7]HolgateCS,JacksonP,CowenPN,etal.Immunogold2sil2verstaining:newmethodofimmuno2stainingwithenhancedsensitivity[J].HistochemCytochem,1983,31(7):9382944.[8]FritzP,HoenesJ,SchenkJ,etal.Colourdevelopmentofim2munogold2labelledantibodiesforlightmicroscopy[J].Histo2chemistry,1986,85(3):2092214.[9]SpielbergF,KabeyaCM,RyderRW,etal.Fieldtestingandcomparativeevaluationofrapid,visuallyreadscreeningassaysforantibodytohumanimmunodeficiencyvirus[J].Lancet,1989,1(2):5802584.[10]OsikowiczG,BeggsM,BrookhartP,etal.One2stepchrom2atographicimmunoassayforqualitativedeterminationofcho2riogonadotropininurine[J].ClinChem,1990,36(9):1586.[11]BeggsM,NovotnyM,SampedroS,etal.Aself2perfromor2ingchromatographicimmunoassayforthequalitativedetermi2nationofhumanchorionicgonadotrophic(HCG)inwineandserum[J].ClinChem,1990,36(12):1084.[12].[J].,1996,16(1):50.[13],,,.IgG[J].,1999,17(3):1722173.[14],,,.IgG[J].,2000,139(1):[15],,,.IgG[J].,2005,12(1):17219.[16]CuzzubboAJ,ChenthamarakshanV,VadiveluJ,etal.E2valuationofanewcommerciallyavailableimmunoglobulinMandimmunoglobulinGimmunochromatographictestfordiag2nosisofmelioidosisinfection[J].ClinMicrobiol,2000,38(4):167021671.[17]LouSC,PatelC,ChingS,etal.One2stepcompetitiveim2munochromatographicassayforsemiquantitativedetermina2tionoflipoprotein(a)inplasma[J].ClinChem,1993,39:6192624.[18]HyeongSS,ChangKK,KwangSS,etal.PretreatmentofwholebloodforuseinimmunochromatographicassaysforhepatitisBvirussurfaceantigen[J].ClinDiagnLabImmu2nol,2001,8(1):9213.[19]MurdochDR,LaingRTR,MillsGD,etal.EvaluationofarapidimmunochromatographictestfordetectionofStreptococcuspneumoniaeantigeninurinesamplesfroma2dultswithcommunity2acquiredpneumonia[J].ClinMicrobi2ol,2001,39:349523498.[20]EsfandiariJ,KlingebornB.Acomparativestudyofanewrapidandone2steptestforthedetectionofparvovirusinfae2cesfromdogs,catsandmink[J].VetMedBInfectDisVetPublicHealth,2000,47(2):1452153.[21],,,.[J].,2004,20(3):2362240.[22],,,.[J].,2006,16(2):1492151.[23]HuangXH,XuanXN,HirataH,etla.Rapidimmuno2chromatographictestusingrecombinantSAG2fordetectionofantibodiesagainstToxoplasmagondiiincats[J].JClincalMicrobiol,2004,42(1):3512353.[24],,,.[J].,2007,37(1):29232.[25],,,.[J].,2008,15(4):21223.[26],,,.[J].,1999,25(10):20.[27],.[J].,2000,20(6):3752376.[28],,,.[J].,2008,3(6):30.[29]ChoJH,PaekSH.Semi2quantitativebarcodeversionofim2munoch