船舶柴油机曲轴裂纹故障磁记忆在线诊断技术研究

集美大学硕士学位论文船舶柴油机曲轴裂纹故障磁记忆在线诊断技术研究姓名：廖建彬申请学位级别：硕士专业：轮机工程指导教师：蔡振雄200707011HpY234Researchofmagneticmemoryon-linedetectonthecrackofmarinedieselenginecrankshaftAbstractThecrankshaftisoneoftheprimarycomponentsofthedieselengine,whichishigh-costandworksinbadcondition.Oncedamaged,itwouldnotonlybringthefataldestroytothemarinedieselengine,butalsoimperilthesafetyofshipsdirectly.Presently,thestressofthecrankshafthasbeenaccountedwhendesigning,orchecked-upaftertheaccident.However,asaresultoftheerrorofsetting,theunequalcombustionofeachcylinder,thepartswornoff,agedparts,thevibrationoftheshafting,etc,thefactualstressoftheshaftingcannotmaintainthetheoreticstate,theruptureshaftingoftheengineorthetail-shaftoccurredfrequently.Diagnosingthecrackofshaftingon-linewillavoidtheenginetobedestroyedandreducedthelossofaccidentgreatly.Asanewkindofmetalnondestructivetestingtechnique,theMetalMagneticMemoryTesting(MMMT)techniquewasbroughtoutinthelasttenyears,whichapplytothecrankshaftastheferromagnet,tofindthestresscollectedanddetectthecrack.ThesensorusedasMMMTissimple,andwillnotaffectthefunctionofdieselengine.Itadapttolong-termdetectonline.Theprimarytaskofthispaperis:1.ThemechanismoftheMMMTtechniqueisstudied.ConsideringthedemandoftheMMMT,theformulaofpiezomagnetismactioniseduced,throughdeducingmagnetoelasticeffect.TheMagnetismMemoryphenomenonisverifiedbycarryingoutexperiments,andbringoutoneimportantcharacteristicoftheMagnetismMemory,namelyHpY(0)position.Thepositionissuperpositionwithprefabricatedcrack’sposition,stressconcentration’spositioncanbelocatedthroughscanningalongdifferentgeneratrixexofpiecetest.2.Theinformationofthecrankshaft’scrackofdieselengineiscollectedtoanalyzeandresearchthegrowingruleofthecrackearly.Theinformationiscollectedandclassifiedfromtheshipyardandthemarineengineeringdepartmentandtheliterature,filtratetherepresentativecrackofshafting.Usingthefracturemechanicsandcrankshaftcrackpropagationrulewhichconsultedthestress-intensityfactortoanalyzingthefractureprocessofthecrankshaft.3.Constructingthesimulativeexperimentalplatform,validatingthefractureprocessofcrankshaft.Thesmalldieselengineisusedforbuildingtheexperimentalplatformmainly,whichcancarryoutdifferenttestincaseofthevariablevelocity,variableload,thevariabletemperatureandtheoilmistintheenginecrankcase.Ithelpedthemagneticmemorytesttocometrue,withpracticabilityandreliability.4.Studyingthecharacteristicofmagneticmemorysignalofthedieselenginecrankshaft,whichbeinthevariablevelocity,variableloadandvariabletemperature,toimprovethefunctionofthesoftwareandhardwareofthediagnosticsystem,anditwillcreatetheconditionforthescienceandresearchinthefuture.Keywords:marinedieselengine,crankshaft,magneticmemorytest,nondestructiveteston-linedetect12180%2090[1][2][3]1.120%[4],,[5][6],,,,[7][8-10],Hp(y),Hp(y)21.1.11900X-NDT100Non-DestructiveTest,NDTNDT1.1.2[11]1997MMMT[12]3199710[13][14-21]1.270,,[22]1.31.3.180%71510204,1.3.21234552.12.1.1[23]12∫•=sdSBφ21B[TGS1GS=10-4TWb/m2]1MX=10-8WbScmB=H22/H/mH/1Oe=1000/4A/ma1BHAuAgCuHgb1BHAlCrMnMoLiKPbc1BHFeNiCo2.1.2162-1a2-1cABC2-1b102~10310-1~10-6cm3P2mPVmP=23VP/A/mPHa)b)c)B-H2-17HPχ=24χχ0χ0PH2.1.31PBHBmBHBrBrHcHcBmH22-2[13]BPBPBPBP2.22.2.12-28Ms1842(Joule)[24]λll∆=λ25ll∆sλ10-6λλλ[13]2.2.20KTcMsαi)()()(),(ikimsikelikikikAEAEEAfEαααα++==26)(ikEα)(ikelAEα9)(ikimsAEα*ikA232221221232322222110)(αααααααααkkkEk++++=270k1k2k1α2α3αkiikγσγσ=σiγkγσσikikikAAA+=0ikikikimsikelikikikikikikAAEAEEAAEAEσαασαα∑∑−++=−=)()()()()(28iα28ikikAAE∂∂)(=0)()()(ikiikikikikikikEAEAAEEσαασασ+=−=∑232221022123232222213011122100010))]((29[αααααααααλλkcckk+++−++=)(3)(23311323321221111233322222111100σαασαασααλασασασλ++−++−292729)(3)(23311323321221111233322222111100σαασαασααλασασασλσ++−++−=E210kiikγσγσ=)](2)([23131332322121111232322222121100γγααγγααγγααλγαγαγαλσσ+++++−=E211111100λλ=θσλσ2cos23sE−=212212[25]102.32.3.1ss[13]2-3[26]Br2.3.2[24]jiiijiiijmsABABVzNEαααω∑∑+−=∆=2212)31(2213)](2)([2224222401jiiijiilrrlVzNBβββββββ+−+−∂∂=∑−−∂∂=ijiijijijiAlrrlVzNBααβββββ)]2([24222202zNVN)(2)()(212312232123233222211223322111AAACAAACAAACEel++++++++=214elmskEEEE++=215Aijαi2-311Aijαi0=∂∂ijAE216332211111αααααα∂∂=∂∂=∂∂EEE2172160ijA=−=+=−−=jijiijiiiihCBAhhCBAαααααα232021022102)31(2218ikσσEEEEEelmsk+++=219σE212332211cosγαγαγαθ++=θσsλE215219212219sλ0θ=0sλ0=/23/2122.42.4.12-4a2-4b2.4.2MMTab2-413,[27][28]HpHpxHpy2-5HpyKK=dHpy/dx[13],,,[28],,,,,,[27],,,,,,,,,,NDT(),[29]2-514Hpσ∆σµλ∆=0HpH219Hλσ∆0µ219Zσ∆[30]Hp(x)Hp(y)[13]2.5Hp(x)Hp(y)Hp(y)(),15[31]1234561mm7,[32]2.6θσλσ2cos23sE−=16[33]3.1[34]3.1.13-13.1.21[35]21~121-2-3-4-5-3-117343.1.3354045ZG270-500ZG310-570ZG25MnV354040Cr45Cr35CrMoAQT600-3QT700-23.2183.2.1nn-13.2.263.2.319123.2.4140~600/ZZ0.8~1.0900~2500/ZZ3.2.5300~1600/Z/2Z[36]3.3203.4214.11/3106~107[37]4.1.14-14-21-2-4-14-2224.1.2454-14-3454.1.3454-42/31/34-34-4234.24.2.1912C9607MWM2TBD234V121997519985291500rpm,100h642CrMoA/,,5861HRC[38]4.2.21989YANMARM200-SX660HP20023201647No.3(3.5kg/cm2)()16:50(3.0kg/cm2)()(44)4-5244.2.3485454-5RRRRR4-6TEM4-7TEM4-64.2.4456003502574004-8(1)(2)4-84-6TEM50004-7TEM5000254.2.