EmilyDickinson迪金森作家及作品介绍

EmilyDickinson(1830–1886)LifeEmilyDickinsonwasbornintooneofAmherst,Massachusetts’mostprominentfamilieson10December1830.ShewasthesecondchildborntoEmilyNorcross(1804-1882)andEdwardDickinson(1803-1874),aYalegraduate,successfullawyer,TreasurerforAmherstCollegeandaUnitedStatesCongressman.LifeEmilyhadanolderbrothernamedWilliamAustinDickinson(1829-1895)(knownasAustin)whowouldmarryhermostintimatefriendSusanGilbertin1856.TheDickinsonswerestrongadvocatesforeducationandEmilytoobenefitedfromanearlyeducationinclassicliterature,studyingthewritingsofVirgilandLatin,mathematics,history,andbotany.LifeDickinsonprovedtobeadazzlingstudentandin1847,thoughshewasalreadysomewhatofa‘homebody’,attheageofseventeenEmilyleftforSouthHadley,MassachusettstoattendtheMountHolyokeFemaleSeminary.Shestayedtherelessthanayearandsomeofthetheoriesastowhysheleftarehomesicknessandpoorhealth.LifeShewasinthemidstofthecollegetown’ssocietyandbustlealthoughshestartedtospendmoretimealone,readingandmaintaininglivelycorrespondenceswithfriendsandrelatives.EmilyDickinsondiedon15May1886,attheageoffifty-six.ShenowrestsintheWestCemeteryofAmherst,HampshireCounty,Massachusetts.Notwishingachurchservice,agatheringwasheldattheHomestead.ThethemesinDickinson’spoems1.religion2.deathandimmortality3.love4.natureThethemesinDickinson’spoemsDickinson’spoemsareusuallybasedonherexperiences,hersorrowsandjoys.ButwithinherlittlelyricsDickinsonaddressesthoseissuesthatconcernthewholehumanbeings,whichincludereligion,death,immorality,love,andnature.1.religionInsomeofherpoemsshewroteaboutherdoubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects.ThethemesinDickinson’spoems2.deathandimmortalityCloselyrelatedtoDickinson’sreligiouspoetryareherpoemsconcerningdeathandimmortality,（不朽）rangingoverthephysicalaswellasthepsychologicalandemotionalaspectsofdeath.Dickinson’sgreatestrendering（描写）ofthemomentofdeathistobefoundin“IheardaFlybuzz–whenIdied–”,apoemuniversallyconsideredoneofhermasterpieces.ThethemesinDickinson’spoems3.LoveLoveisanothersubjectDickinsondwelton.Onegroupofherlovepoemstreatsthesufferingandfrustrationlovecancause.Thesepoemsareclearlythereflectionofherownunhappyexperience,closelyrelatedtoherdeepestandmostprivatefeelings.3.LoveTheothergroupoflovepoemsfocusesonthephysicalaspectofdesire,inwhichDickinsondealtwith,allegorically,theinfluenceofthemaleauthoritiesoverthefemale,emphasizingthepowerofphysicalattractionandexpressingamixtureoffearandfascinationforthemysteriousmagnetismbetweensexes.ThethemesinDickinson’spoems4.natureInherpoemsDickinson’sskepticismabouttherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureiswell-expressed.(1)Ontheonehand,shesharedwithherromanticandtranscendentalpredecessorswhobelievedthatamythical神话的,虚构的bondbetweenmanandnatureexisted,thatnaturerevealedtomanthingsaboutmankindanduniverse.(2)Ontheotherhand,shefeltstronglyaboutnature’sinscrutability（不可预测性）andindifferencetothelifeandinterestsofhumanbeings.Dickinson’sartisticcharacteristicsDickson’spoetryisuniqueandunconventionalinitsownway.1)notitles.2)dashesareusedasamusicaldevice3)capitallettersasameansofemphasis.Dickinson’sartisticcharacteristics4)Theformofherpoetryisfamiliar,communal（公共的）,andsometimes,irregular.5)short;asinglyimageorsymbol;onesubjectmatter.6)personalandmeditative.7)SheoftenusedpersonaandpersonificationDickinson’sartisticcharacteristicsDickinson’spoetry,despiteitsostensible（表面上的）formalsimplicity,isremarkableforitsvariety,subtletyandrichness,andherlimitedprivateworldhasneverconfinedthelimitlesspowerofhercreativityandimagination.Shewantedtolivesimplyasacompleteindependentbeing,andsoshedid,asaspinster.Shecalledthisstreamoftiny,aphoristic格言(似)的poemsacontinuousfragmentedlettertotheworld,awaytobridgeherprivateworldwiththepublic.momentofdeath“IheardaFlybuzz–whenIdied–”我死的时候—听见一只苍蝇嗡嗡地响Thispoemisadescriptionofthemomentofdeath.Keypoints:1)“TheEyesaround–hadwrungthemdry”:relativescried,notearsanymore.2)“theKing”:theGodofdeath3)windows:thedoortoheaven4)“failed”:herdoubtoftheexistenceofeternalheaven5)“WithBlue–uncertainstumblingBuzz”:thesightofthedyingbecamedimandlisteningweak.我死的时候----听见一只苍蝇嗡嗡响----房间里宁静无声好象暴风雨起伏之间-----天空中宁静无声-----四周的眼睛---已经哭得干枯----呼吸都坚定地聚集等候那最后的一击----这时，神在这房间里----受到注意----我立下遗嘱----馈赠遗物，签字让去属于我的部分中可以让与的-----于是一只苍蝇插进来----带着沮丧的----飘忽、颠踬的嗡嗡声----飞在光亮---和我之间----于是，窗户模糊了----于是我看不见自己看什么----themeThepoemdescribesthedeathbedsceneofthepersona.Likemanyofhercontemporaries,Dickinsonwasfascinatedwiththeexperienceofdeath.themeInparticular,shewantedtoknowiftheirdeathsrevealedanyinformationaboutthenatureoftheafterlife.Inthispoem,sheimaginesherowndeath,andtheanswersheprovidesforthedeathbedsceneisgrim,asgrimasanythingsheeverwrote.BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath--EmilyDickinsonBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath–Hekindlystoppedforme–TheCarriageheldbutjustOurselves-AndImmortality.Weslowlydrove--HeknewnohasteAndIhadputawayMylaborandmyLeisuretoo,ForHisCivility--WepassedtheSchool,whereChildrenstroveAtRecess--intheRing–WepassedtheFieldsofGazingGrain--WepassedtheSettingSun--Orrather--HepassedUs–TheDewsdrewquiveringandchill—ForonlyGo