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1学院本科毕业设计（论文）摘要I摘要随着我国社会经济的发展，居民用电量剧增。传统的人工抄表收取电费的方式，已不能满足现代化管理的要求，实现多用户能耗仪表的自动抄表已经成为可能，特别是建设部提出来的小康型住宅小区的规划要求，并逐步实行能耗仪表出户的统一管理，实现微机自动检测、计量和收费。本文针对目前居民小区的电能计量中实际存在的各种问题，设计了一种实用的远程自动抄表系统。该系统具有成本低廉、计量准确、工作稳定可靠和系统安装维护方便等特点。本文对整个抄表系统进行了较为全面的设计，着重对系统底层的能耗数据的采集和集中、数据通信网络和通信方式等做了较为详细的设计。在硬件上对CPU数据存储及其监控电路、数据传输、通信标准、时钟电路、串口扩展、电能采集和显示电路都做了详细的论述。并且广泛应用的RS-485电气接口的串行通讯技术作为通讯方式。在软件上对数据进行采集、通信、显示子程序、校验子程序等做了详细的说明。同时，本文还对系统中的干扰问题进行了深入细致的分析，并在硬件和软件上担出了有效的抗干扰技术。该远程抄表系统实现了多用户的电能信息的远程自动抄录，能够实现住宅能耗计量的高质量和高效率管理。关键词：远程抄表；数据通信；AT89C51；RS-4851学院本科毕业设计（论文）AbstractIIAbstractWithsocialandeconomicdevelopmentelectricpowerisusedincreasingly,Traditionalchargeofelectricfarebymanuallaborcan’tsatisfythedemandformodernmanmanagement.Automaticmeterreadingsystem(AMRS)hasapossibilitytobeputintoreality.Especiallyforthewell-to-douptown,theConstructDepartmentofChinahasdemandedtorealizeautomaticmeterreading,measuringandchargingwithcomputer.Thisarticleaimsattheexistingproblems.Thus,Idesignedanautomaticmeterreadingsystemofcalorie.Thestrongpointofthissystemis:lowscost,precisemeasuring,stableworking,andeasytoinstallandmaintain.Thearticlegivesanall-rounddesignofthissystem.Itexpatiatesondetaildesignsofdatacapturingandcollecting,datacommunicationnetworkandmode.Inthisthesis,aboutthehardware,aparticularexplanationofthechoiceofCPU、inspectcircuit、datamemoryetcweregiven.AnditusesasynchronousserialcommunicationtechnologybasedonRS-485electricinterfaceascommunicationmeans.Thesoftware,wegivetheprogramofimpulsecollection、communication、displayandsoon.Atthesametime,thenoisequestionsexistingintheanalyzedandtheeffectiveanti-noisemethodsonhardwareandosoftwarearepresented.ThisLong-distancemeterreadingsystemrealizesthemulti-userpowerinformationremoteautomatictranscribing,canrealizeresidentialenergyconsumptionofhighqualityandhighefficiencymetrologymanagement.Keyword:Remotemeterreading;Data-communication;AT89C51;RS-4851学院本科毕业设计（论文）目录III目录摘要.........................................................................................................IAbstract...............................................................................................II第1章绪论............................................................................................11.1课题的提出和意义..............................................................................................21.2国内外发展现状..................................................................................................21.3课题可行性论证结论..........................................................................................21.4本文所要完成的主要工作.................................................................................31.5本章小结..............................................................................................................3第2章抄表系统总体结构设计............................................................42.1系统组成..............................................................................................................42.2通信标准的选择..................................................................................................42.3系统总体方案确定..............................................................................................52.4本章小结..............................................................................................................6第3章抄表系统硬件设计....................................................................73.1抄表系统的整体结构..........................................................................................73.2抄表系统的各硬件模块的设计.........................................................................73.2.1CPU的选型.................................................................................................73.2.2外围存储及其监控电路模块...............................................................103.2.3数据传输模块........................................................................................133.2.4时钟模块.................................................................................................153.2.5串口扩展.................................................................................................173.2.6电能的采集和计数模块........................................................................193.2.7显示电路.................................................................................................203.3本章小结............................................................................................................21第4章抄表系统软件设计..................................................................224.1软件设计的基本原则.......................................................................................224.2系统软件设计....................................................................................................231学院本科毕业设计（论文）目录IV4.2.1上位微机发送命令到达的路径...........................................................234.2.2远程抄表主程序的设计........................................................................244.2.3各子程序的设计....................................................................................254.3软件初始化...................................................