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考研经典合成题(I)1、由甲苯、丙二酸二乙酯及必要试剂合成：OH3CCH2CH32、由C3或C3以下有机物合成：OCOOHO4、由乙炔、C2或C2以下有机物合成：OH(叶醇，一种香料)5、由Br为有机原料合成：COOCH36、由O合成CH3OH7、由丙二酸二乙酯合成COO-N+H38、由苯合成IClClClIClClClKI(TM)9、由邻苯二甲酸酐、丙二酸二乙酯合成：NC-OHHO10、由C4或C4以下有机物合成：CH2OHHOHOCH2OH11、由苯甲醛、C3或C3以下有机物合成：CH2CHCH3NH212、由苯、C3或C3以下有机物合成：COOHCH3CH2CH2I13、由C4或C4以下有机物合成：OOCHCH2COOCH3CH314、由苯、C4或C4以下有机物合成：C-CH2CH3CH3OH15、由苯、C4或C4以下有机物合成：Ph-CH2CHCOOHCH316、由苯或甲苯、C4或C4以下有机物合成：H3CBrBr17、完成转化：ClCH2CH2CHOCHCH2CH2CHOOH18、完成转化：CHOHOCH2CH3CHOO19、完成转化：CCHOHH3CC2H5HH5C6C=CC6H5CH3HC2H520、由甲苯合成：H3CCNBr21、由PhCH=CHCHOPhCH2ClCH2OHCH2OHPhPhOO、22、由CH3OCH3OO23、完成转化：CH3CH2CCH2BrOOCH2CH3O24、由丙二酸二乙酯合成CH2=CH-CH2-CH-C-OC2H5OCH325、由环己醇合成OCH326、由苯酚、O合成CH3OO27、由甲苯合成：CH3BrBrCH2CH329、由C3或C3以下有机物为原料合成：HO-C-CH2CH2CH2-C-OHOO31、由C4或C4以下有机物为原料合成：O32、由乙炔(唯一有机原料)合成：C2H5C2H5HOHHOH33、由丙二酸二乙酯合成：HOOCCH2CH2CHCOO-N+H334、由C3或C3以下有机物为原料合成：OC-OC2H5OO36、由C3或C3以下有机物为原料合成：COOC2H5OH和37、由联苯出发合成：O38、由COOEtCOOEt合成Ph(可使用PhCH2Br作辅助试剂)39、由1，3-丁二烯为原料合成：COOH40、从乙酰乙酸乙酯出发合成：CH3-C-CH-CH2CHOOCH341、完成转化：CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2COOH42、完成转化：CH3CH2COOHCH3CH2CH2COOH43、由间硝基甲苯合成：COOHBrBrBr44、由丙二酸二乙酯及C3或C3以下有机原料合成：COOH45、由萘合成：ClNO247、由对溴苯甲醛合成：CHCH2CH3DOH48、由苯、异丙醇、乙酸、乙醇合成：CH2OHC6H5C6H549、由丙酸乙酯合成：OCH3OH51、由苯酚为起始原料合成：COOEtO52、由“三乙”、丙烯酸乙酯合成：OOH53、由C3或C3以下有机原料合成：CH2CH2CH-CH-C-OCH2CH-OCH2CH3OHCH3OCH354、由苯、丙酸、二甲胺、乙醇为有机原料合成：CH3CH2C-O-C--CH-CH2N(CH3)3OCH3CH2C6H5Ph55、由苯合成ClCH2Cl56、由苯酚、邻氯苯甲酸合成BrClCO考研经典合成题(I)答案1：CH3CH3CH2Cl+CH2O+HClZnCl2(I)(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2CH2(COOEt)2NaOC2H5-CH(COOEt)2Na+(I)H3CCH2CH(COOEt)2(1)NaOC2H5(2)C2H5BrH3CCH2C(COOEt)2CH2CH3H3CCH2CHCOOHCH2CH3SOCl2H3CCH2CHCH2CH3COClAlCl3CH3OCH2CH3(TM)2解：CH3CCH3ONaOH,Δ减压蒸馏2(CH3)2C=CHCCH3O(II)CH2(COOEt)2(2)(II)(1)NaOEt(CH3)2CCH2CCH3OCH(COOEt)2(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2(CH3)2CCH2CCH3OCH2COOHHCNΔOOCN-H2OCCCH3OHOOCHOCNCH3HOOH2O/H+ΔOOCOOH4解：CH3CH2CCMgBrO干醚H2OH+CH3CH2CCCH2CH2OHH2lindlarC=CHHCH2CH2OHCH3CH2CHCHCHCNaCHCCH2CH3Na液NH3C2H5BrC2H5MgBr(TM)5解：BrNaCNCNH2OH+COOHCOClCHOSOCl2H2/Pd-BaSO4BrCOOHCOOHBrCOOCH3BrCH3OH/H+KMnO4NaOH/醇Br2/PCOOCH3ZnBrZn干醚CHO干醚H2OH+COOCH3OH-H2OΔCOOCH3(TM)6解：OCH3OHCH3CH3MgI干醚H2OH+H2SO4Δ(1)B2H6(2)H2O2,OH-CH3HOHH(TM)7解：Br2ΔBrCH(COOEt)2CH2(COOEt)2NHOOKOHNKOOBrCH(COOEt)2NCH(COOEt)2OO(1)C2H5ONa(2)(CH3)2CHCH2ClNC(COOEt)2OOCH2CH(CH3)2(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2(CH3)2CHCH2CHCOOHNH2NH3COO-+即：8解：NO2NH2NHCOCH3HNO3H2SO4(CH3CO)2OFe+HClNHCOCH3NH2NHCOCH3NH2ClClFe+HClCl2NaNO2+过量HCl0-5C。NHCOCH3NO2HNO3H2SO4NHCOCH3ClClClNH2ClClClNHCOCH3N2Cl-ClCl+N2Cl-ClClCl+CuClH2O/OH-NaNO2+过量HCl0-5C。10解：Br2ΔBrCH(COOEt)2CH2(COOEt)2OOONKOONCH(COOEt)2OOBrCH(COOEt)2(2)KOH(1)NH3,Δ(1)NaOC2H5(2)Br(CH2)4BrNC(COOEt)2OOCH2(CH2)3Br(1)5%NaOH(2)H+(3)Δ,-CO2H2NCHCOOHCH2BrCH2(CH2)2NaOHNCOOHH(TM)分子内SN211解：CHOCH=CCOOHCH3+(CH3CH2CO)2OC2H5COOKΔH2/NiNH3,ΔNaOBr/OH-CH2CHCOOHCH3CH2CHCONH2CH3CH2CHNH2CH3(TM)12解：CH2CH2CH3+CH3CH2CClOAlCl3Zn-Hg/HClCH2CH2CH3NH2(1)混酸(2)Fe+HCl(CH3CO)2OCH2CH2CH3NHCOCH3HNO3H2SO4CH2CH2CH3NHCOCH3NO2NaNO2+过量HCl0-5C。CuCNH2OH+orOH-CH2CH2CH3NH2NO2CH2CH2CH3N2+Cl-NO2CH2CH2CH3NO2CNNaNO2+过量HCl0-5C。CH2CH2CH3NO2COOHH2O/H+ΔCH2CH2CH3NH2COOHFe+HClKICH2CH2CH3N2+Cl-COOHCH2CH2CH3ICOOH13解：2CH3COOC2H5(1)NaOC2H5(2)CH3COOHCH3CCH2COOC2H5O(1)NaOC2H5(2)ClCH2COOEtCH3CCHCOOC2H5OCH2COOEt(1)5%NaOH(2)H+(3)Δ,-CO2CH3CCH2CH2COOHO(1)SOCl2(2)C2H5OHCH3CCH2CH2COOC2H5ONaOC2H5OO(1)NaOCH3(2)CH3CH=CHCOOCH3(3)CH3COOHOOCHCH2COOCH3CH3(TM)14解：BrMgBrBr2FeMg干醚H2OH+CCH2CH3CH3OHCCH2CH3CH3OMgBrCH3COC2H5干醚15解：CH2Cl+CH2O+HClZnCl2CH3COOHCH2COOHCNCH2(COOEt)2Cl2PNaCNC2H5OH,H2SO4NaOEtPhCH2ClCH3INaOEtPhCH2CH(COOEt)2PhCH2C(COOEt)2CH3(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2PhCH2CHCOOHCH3(TM)或者：CHO+CO+HClAlCl3-CuCl(CH3CH2CO)2OC2H5COOK,ΔH+CH=CCOOHCH3CH2CHCOOHCH3H2(1mol)Ni16解：Br2-H2OCH3CH3NH2CH3NH2BrBrBr2-H2O混酸Fe+HClCH3NO2H3CN2+HSO4-BrBrH3CBrBrNaNO2+过量H2SO40-5C。H3PO2+H2O17解：ClCH2CH2CHOOOClCH2CH2CHHOCH2CH2OH干HClMg干醚OOClMgCH2CH2CHH2OH+PhCHOPhCHCH2CH2CHOOH(TM)干醚18解：CHOO2CH3OH干HClCHOOCH3OCH3C2H5MgBr干醚CHOHOCH2CH3H2OH+19解：CCHOHH3CC2H5HH5C6TsClCCHOSO2C6H4CH3-pH3CC2H5HH5C6NaOH醇,ΔC=CC2H5HCH3C6H5(注：TsCl=对甲苯磺酰氯)20解：CH3CH3NO2CH3NO2BrCH3NH2BrHNO3H2SO4Br2FeFe+HClCH3N2+Cl-BrCH3CNBrNaNO2+过量HCl0-5C。CuCN21PhCH2ClMg干醚PhCH2MgClPhCH=CHCHCH2PhOHPhCH=CHCHOH2OH+PhPh-H2OΔC=CHCOOEtHEtOOCPhPhCOOEtCOOEtKMnO4稀、冷，OH-PhPhCOOEtCOOEtHOHOCH3COCH3干HClPhPhCOOEtCOOEtOO(1)LiAlH4(2)H2OPhPhCH2OHCH2OHOO22解：OCH3OCH3CCH2CH2COOHOOCH3CH2CH2CH2COOHZn-Hg/HClOOOAlCl3OCH3CH2CH2CH2COClCH3OOSOCl2AlCl323解：CH3CH2CCH2BrOHOCH2CH2OH干HClOOCH3CH2CCH2BrCH2(COOEt)2NaOC2H5OOCH3CH2CCH2BrOOCH3CH2CCH2CH(COOEt)2(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2CH3CH2CCH2CH2COOHONaBH4CH3CH2CHCH2CH2COOHOHΔ-H2OOCH2CH3O24解：CH2(COOEt)2CH2=CHCH2CH(COOEt)2NaOC2H5CH2=CHCH2ClCH2=CHCH2C(COOEt)2CH3CH2=CHCH2CHCOOHCH3NaOCH3CH3I(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2CH2=CHCH2CHCOOC2H5CH3C2H5OHH+25解：OHHOOC(CH2)4COOHH5C2OOC(CH2)4COOC2H5浓HNO3C2H5OHH+OCOOC2H5C2H5ONaNaOCH3CH3IOCOOC2H5CH3(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2OCH326解：CH3OOSOCl2AlCl3OCH3OCH3CH2CH2CH2COOHZn-Hg/HClOOOAlCl3浓H2SO4Δ,-H2O(1)HCCNa(2)H2/lindlarCH3OHOCH=CH2CH3OCH=CH2ΔOOCH3O27解：CH3CH3COCH3CH3COCH3BrBrCH3CH2CH3BrBrCH3COClAlCl3Br2FeZn-HgHCl29解：CH2(COOEt)2NaOEtCH2=CHCNCH2CH2CNCH(COOEt)2(1)H2O/H+(2)Δ,-CO2HOOCCH2CH2CH2COOH31解：CH3CCH2COOEtONaOEtCH3CCH=CH2OCH3CCH2CH2CHCCH3COOEtOO(1)5%NaOH(2)H+(3)Δ,-CO2CH3CCH2CH