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•AdvancedEnglish•LessontenTheSadYoungMenBenUnit10TheSadYoungMenbyRodW.Horton&HerbertW.EdwardsTeachingPointsI.BackgroundknowledgeII.IntroductiontothepassageIII.TextAnalysisIV.RhetoricaldevicesV.QuestionsI.BackgroundKnowledgeA.TheAuthor----RodW.Horton(1910-)BorninWhitePlainsN.Y.Instructor,NewYorkUniversity,(1937-45)Assistantprofessor(1945-49)Associateprofessor(1949-57)Culturalaffairsofficer(1957-64)Professor,ColoradoUniversity(1964-)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofBrazil(1954-56)Visitingprofessor,UniversityofCoimbra(1961-64)Publications:BackgroundsofAmericanLiteraryThought(1952)BackgroundsofEuropeanLiterature(1954)I.BackgroundKnowledgeI.B.Someterms:II.III.--TheSadYoungMenIV.--TheLostGenerationV.--TheBeatGenerationVI.--TheAngryYoungMenI.TheSadYoungMenandTheLostGenerationrefertothesamegroupofpeople.TheformerwascreatedbyF.ScottFitzgerald;thelatter,byGertrudeStein.TheywereappliedtothedisillusionedintellectualsandaesthetesoftheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,whorebelledagainstformeridealsandvalues,butcouldreplacethemonlybydespairorcynicalhedonism.II.AfterWWIIappearedTheBeatGenerationinUS.ItwasappliedtocertainAmericanartistsandwriterswhowerepopularduringthe1950s.Duringthe1960s“beat”ideasandattitudeswereabsorbedbyotherculturalmovements,andthosewhopracticedthe“beat”lifestylewerecalled“hippies”.III.AtthistimethereappearedinEnglandagroupcalledTheAngryYoungMen.ThistermwasappliedtoagroupofEnglishwritersofthe1950swhoseheroessharedcertainrebelliousandcriticalattitudestowardssociety.I.BackgroundKnowledgeC.Otherliteraryfigures:--GertrudeStein--E.Hemingway1.GertrudeStein(1874-1946)Americanauthorandpatronofthearts.Acelebratedpersonality,sheencouraged,aided,andinfluenced—throughherpatronageaswellasthroughherwriting—manyliteraryandartisticfigures.ThefifthandyoungestchildoftheDanielandAmeliaSteinfamily,GertrudewasbornonFebruary3,1874intouppermiddleclasssurroundingsinAllegheny,Pennsylvania.In1902shewentabroadandfrom1903untilherdeathlivedchieflyinParis.Whenshewas3yearsoldthefamilymovedtoViennaandthenontoParisbeforereturningtoAmericainlate1878.SoIwasfiveyearsoldwhenwecamebacktoAmericahavingknownAustrianGermanandFrenchFrench,andnowAmericanEnglish,aniceworldifthereisenoughofit,andmoreorlesstherealwaysis.HerfathermovedthefamilytoOakland,Californiasoonaftertheirreturn.HerbrotherLeo,2yearshersenior,andGertrudefoundlikeinterestsandbecameclosealliesthroughmuchoftheirearlylives.Gertrudewas8whenshemadeherfirstattemptatwriting.ReadingbecameanobsessionforherbeginningwithShakespeareandbooksonnaturalhistory.Gertrude'sloveaffairwithwordswouldlaterrevealitselfinherownworks.Inschoolshewasfascinatedwiththestructuringofsentences.Isupposeotherthingsmaybemoreexcitingtoothers...Ilikethefeelingtheeverlastingfeelingofsentencesastheydiagramthemselves.In1891herfatherdiedsuddenly,andtheoldestbrotherMichaelassumedthepositionofearningalivingforthefamily.TheSteinsmovedtoSanFranciscowhereGertrudebecameintriguedbythetheaterandopera...apassionshewouldcontinueaftershemovedtoBaltimorein1892tolivewithawealthyaunt....howstrangeitwasformecomingfromaratherdesperateinnerlifeIhadbeenlivingforthelastfewyearstoacheerfullifeofallauntsanduncles.GertrudeenteredRadcliffeCollegein1893.Asastudentshedevelopedaspecialphilosophicalrelationshipwithherteacher,WilliamJames.Jamestoldher,Ihopeyouwillpardonmeifyourecognizesomefeaturesofmyidealstudentasyourown.OnaparticularlynicespringdayduringfinalexamsinJames'courseshewroteatthetopofherpaper...DearProfessorJames,IamsorrybutreallyIdonotfeelabitlikeanexaminationpaperinphilosophytoday.ThenextdayshereceivedapostcardfromJamessaying,IunderstandperfectlyhowyoufeelIoftenfeellikethatmyself.andthengaveherthehighestmarkinhiscourse.Withphilosophyandpsychologycoursesbehindher,GertrudedecidedonacareerinmedicineandenrolledatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.ShelaterstudiedmedicineinEuropeandeventuallydismissedthewholeidea.WanderlusthadcapturedherattentionasshetraveledthroughItaly,Germany,andEngland...livingforawhilewithbrotherLeoinLondon.ShereturnedtoAmericatolivewithfriendsinNewYork.ItwasherethatshewroteherfirstnovelQ.E.D..Itwould,forsomereason,belostfor30yearsandnotbepublisheduntil4yearsafterherdeathunderthetitleofThingsAsTheyAre.LeoSteinmovedtoParisandtookupresidenceat27RuedeFleurus.Gertrudejoinedhimin1904,andwouldnottouchfootuponAmericansoilagainfor30years...soonbecomingalegendinherowntime.Stein’sbestknownworksare:ThreeLives(1909),TheMakingofAmericans(1925),AutobiographyofAliveB.Toklas(1933).2.ErnestHemingwayErnestHemingway(1899-1961)Americannovelistandshortstorywriter,oneofthegreatAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.Hisfictionfocusesonpeoplelivingessential,dangerouslives—soldiers,fishermen,athletes,bullfighters—whomeetthepainanddifficultyoftheirexistencewithstoiccourage.Hiscelebratedliterarystyle,influencedbyEzraPoundandGertrudeStein,isdirect,terseandoftenmonotonous,yetparticularlysuitedtohiselementalsubjectmatter.DuringWorldWarIheservedasanambulancedriverinFranceandintheItalianinfantryandwaswoundedjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,whileworkinginParisascorrespondentf