Giovanni-Boccaccio乔万尼·薄伽丘

乔万尼·薄伽丘幸福在人间Born:1313Certaldo(契塔尔多)(aroundFlorence佛罗伦萨)Died:21December1375(aged62)CertaldoOccupation:Renaissancehumanist,author,poetNationality:ItalianPeriod:EarlyRenaissanceRelative(s):BoccaccinodiChellino(father)Margheritade'Mardoli(stepmother)Education:In1326,helearntbusinessinNaples.Thenthenextsixyearshestudiedcanonlaw.Healsopursuedhisinterestinscientificandliterarystudies.HeisthefirstscholarwhoisproficientinGreek.Experiences:•Inthe1330s,hefellinlovewithamarrieddaughterofRoberttheWise(thekingofNaples),Mavia,whoisportrayedasFiammettainmanyofBoccaccio'sproseromances.•Inearly1341,BoccaccioreturnedtoFlorence.•InOctober1350,hemetFrancescoPetrarch(彼得拉克).Fromthenon,theyestablishedclosefriendship.•On23October1373,hewhowasillatthattimegavethelastspeechinUniversityofFlorence,inthesymoposium(讨论会)onTheDivineComedy(神曲).•In1374,FrancescoPetrarch(彼得拉克)died.Boccacciowasinacutementalshock.•On21December1375,BoccacciodiedinCertaldo,whereheisburied.Afterhisdeath,thechurch(教会)oncemockedbyBoccacciosentpeopletodughistombandsmashedthetombstonetoventtheirresentment(泄愤).Status:hewasapioneeroftheRenaissance.He,PetrarchandDantewereknownas“theRenaissancethreestar(文艺复兴三颗巨星/文坛三杰)”.Mainworks:TimeWorksType1336-1339Filocolo(菲洛柯洛)proselegend(散文传奇)about1338Filostrato(菲洛斯特拉托/爱的摧残)Epic(史诗)Before1341TeseidadellenozzediEmilia(苔塞伊达)epic1341Ninfaled’Ameto(亚美托的女神们)Idyl(牧歌)1342Amorosavisione(爱情的幻影)lyricpoetry(长篇抒情诗)1343-1344ElegiadiMadonnaFimmetta(菲洛美塔的哀歌)novel1344-1346Ninfalefiesolano(菲埃索拉的女神)narrativepoem(长篇叙事诗)1349-1352Decameron(十日谈)shortstories1357-TrattatelloinlaudediDante(但丁传)biography1360-1374Genealogiadeorumgentiliumlibri(异教诸神谱系)mythMainidea:•Singforfaithfullove,againstasceticism(禁欲主义).•Singformoralimmaculacy(纯洁),condemnmeanhypocrisy.•Worshiplibertyandequality,attackfeudalhierarchicalsystem(封建等级制度).•Appreciatewit,mockstupidity.Contents:•Thebookisstructuredasaframestorycontaining100talestoldbyagroupofsevenyoungwomenandthreeyoungmenshelteringinasecluded(与世隔绝的)villajustoutsideFlorencetoescapetheBlackDeath(黑死病),whichwasafflictingthecity.ThevarioustalesofloveinTheDecameronrangefromtheerotictothetragic.Talesofwit,practicaljokes,andlifelessonscontributetothemosaic.Inadditiontoitsliteraryvalueandwidespreadinfluence(forexampleonChaucer’sCanterburyTales),itprovidesadocumentoflifeatthetime.WritteninthevernacularoftheFlorentinelanguage,itisconsideredamasterpieceofclassicalearlyItalianprose.Framestory:InItalyduringthetimeoftheBlackDeath,agroupofsevenyoungwomenandthreeyoungmenfleefromplague-riddenFlorencetoadesertedvillainthecountrysideofFiesolefortwoweeks.Topasstheevenings,everymemberofthepartytellsastoryeachnight,exceptforonedayperweekforchores,andtheholydaysinwhichtheydonoworkatall,resultingintennightsofstorytellingoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Thus,bytheendofthefortnight(两周)theyhavetold100stories.EachofthetencharactersischargedasKingorQueenofthecompanyforoneofthetendaysinturn.Thischargeextendstochoosingthethemeofthestoriesforthatday,andallbuttwodayshavetopicsassigned:examplesofthepoweroffortune;examplesofthepowerofhumanwill;lovetalesthatendtragically;lovetalesthatendhappily;cleverrepliesthatsavethespeaker;tricksthatwomenplayonmen;tricksthatpeopleplayoneachotheringeneral;examplesofvirtue.OnlyDioneo,whousuallytellsthetenthtaleeachday,hastherighttotellataleonanytopichewishes,duetohiswit.ManyauthorshavearguedthatDioneoexpressestheviewsofBoccacciohimself.Eachdayalsoincludesashortintroductionandconclusiontocontinuetheframeofthetalesbydescribingotherdailyactivitiesbesidesstory-telling.TheseframetaleinterludesfrequentlyincludetranscriptionsofItalianfolksongs.Theinteractionsamongtalesinaday,oracrossdays,asBoccacciospinsvariationandreversalsofpreviousmaterial,formsawholeandnotjustacollectionofstories.Thebasicplotsofthestoriesincludingmockingthelustandgreedoftheclergy;tensionsinItaliansocietybetweenthenewwealthycommercialclassandnoblefamilies;theperilsandadventuresoftravelingmerchants.