学位英语经典学习讲义

第1页学位英语经典学习讲义2017年10月第2页第一部分语法注：本讲义包括语法、阅读理解、句子挑错、完形填空、英汉互译五部分，关键点讲解。·单项填空语法的考试重点1.时态和语态2.情态动词3.虚拟语气4.非谓语动词5.从句6.倒装句和强调句单项填空题词类考查的重点：1.名词作定语，用单数形式（man与woman除外）2.不定代词的用法3.系动词：如持续系动词remain，感官系动词taste、feel、sound，结果系动词prove、turnout。4.形容词、副词的比较级5.数词：确数、概数的表达方式；分数的表达方式第一章时态和语态一、时态和语态的考查重点1.与完成时态有关的时态1）现在完成时态（havedone）[例题]Inrecentyearsmanyfootballclubs________asbusinesstomakeaprofit.A.haverunB.havebeenrunC.hadbeenrunD.willrun第3页『正确答案』B注意：和现在完成时态连用的时间状语：since加一个过去的时间点for加一段时间duringthepastfewweeks/months/yearsinthepastfewweeks/months/yearsinrecentweeks/months/yearsthisweek/month/yearthesedayssofaruptonow2）过去完成时态（haddone）[例题]AboutthesixthcenturyA.DwhenfewEuropeanscouldread,theChinesepaper.（1997.6）A.inventedB.hadinventedC.haveinventedD.hadbeeninvented『正确答案』B注意：过去完成时态的解题一般要考虑句中两个动作间的先后顺序。3）将来完成时态（willhavedone）注意：将来完成时态的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：bytheendofthisyear,by8o’clock，以及由bythetime…引导的状语从句。4）现在完成进行时态（havebeendoing）第4页[例题]Sincehelefttheuniversity,he__________inanaccountingcompany.（2006.4）A.hasbeenworkingB.hadworkedC.hadbeenworkingD.wasworking『正确答案』A5）将来完成进行时态（willhavebeendoing）[例题]Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.（2004.11）A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying『正确答案』D2.状语从句中的替换现象·在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态。[例题]Whenthemixture_______itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.（1992.6）A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheated『正确答案』C第5页[例题]Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe_______militaryservice.（1993.6）A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish『正确答案』B二、时态和语态的答题技巧·如果选项中出现了与完成时态有关的时态，这个选项一般说来是正确答案。·如果选项中出现了被动语态，与主动语态相比较，被动语态一般是正确答案。三、答题技巧应用1.ProfessorWilliamstoldusthatbytheendofthisyearheherefortwoyears.A.willhaveworkedB.willhavebeenworkingC.wouldhavebeenworkingD.hasbeenworking『正确答案』C2.Heforsixyearsbythetimehetakeshisexamination.A.hadbeenstudyingEnglish第6页B.willhavebeenstudyingEnglishC.studiedEnglishD.studiesEnglish『正确答案』B3.Theywillgohomeforwintervacationassoonasthey______theirexams.A.havefinishedB.finishC.willfinishD.willhavefinished『正确答案』A4.English______inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeenteachingB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught『正确答案』C5.Thepupilshereallkindsofexerciseseverydayinthepastfourweeks.A.keptbusydoingB.keepondoingC.havekeptbusydoingD.havebeenkeptbusydoing第7页『正确答案』C第二章情态动词本讲内容·情态动词的考查重点·情态动词的答题技巧一、情态动词的考查重点：情态动词＋完成时1.情态动词表示推测的用法1）must表示肯定的推测，意思是“一定”[例题]MywalletisnowheretobefoundIwhenIwasonthebus.（1996.6）A.musthavedroppeditB.mustdropitC.shouldhavedroppeditD.oughttohavedroppedit『正确答案』A2）can’t/couldn’t表示否定的推测，意思是“不可能”3）may/might（not）表示可能性很小的推测，意思是“也许”“也许没有”[例题]Ican’tfindtherecorderintheroom.Itbysomebody.（2003.11）A.musthavetaken第8页B.mayhavetakenC.mayhavebeentakenD.shouldhavetaken『正确答案』C2.情态动词＋完成时的其他用法1）couldhavedone本来能够[例题]Hedidn'ttakepartinthecompetition,he_______though.A.wonB.didn'twinC.couldwinD.couldhavewon『正确答案』D2）needn'thavedone本来不必[例题]Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,wesoformally.A.needn’tdressupB.didnotneedhavedressedupC.didnotneeddressupD.needn’thavedressedup『正确答案』DNeed详解：need可以用作情态动词也可以用作实义动词，但用法不同。·用作情态动词时，用法为needdosth.第9页neednotdosth.，·用作实义动词时，用法为needtodosth.donotneedtodosth.如：Youneedtoworkharderifyou’regoingtopassthoseexams.3）should/oughttohavedone本来应该[例题]You_______meearlier.Icouldhavehelpedyou.A.shouldtellmeB.shouldhavetoldC.needtotellD.needn'thavetold『正确答案』Bshouldn't/oughtn'ttohavedone本来不应该[例题]You____himsoclosely;youshouldhavekeptyourdistance.A.shouldn'tfollowB.mustn'tfollowC.couldn'thavebeenfollowingD.shouldn'thavebeenfollowing『正确答案』D4）mighthavedone本来可以（用来表示一种责备）[例题]You______eventhoughyouwerebusyatthattime.A.mighthelphimB.musthavehelpedhim第10页C.mighthavehelpedhimD.shouldhelphim『正确答案』C二、情态动词的答题技巧·如果选项中出现“情态动词＋完成时”，这个选项一般说来是正确答案。三、答题技巧应用1.Nobodyknowshowpeoplefirstcametotheseislands.They____fromSouthAmericaonrafts.A.musthavesailedB.cansailC.mighthavesailedD.shouldhavesailed『正确答案』C2.Marywasnotinherbedroomyesterdayafternoon.She____inherclassroom.A.shouldhavebeenB.musthavebeenC.mustbeD.shouldbe『正确答案』B3.Bobsaidhewasgoingtojoinourclubbuthedidn't.He____hismind.A.can'thavechanged第11页B.wouldn'thavechangedC.musthavechangedD.shouldn'thavechanged『正确答案』C4.You____totowntoseethefilmyesterday.ItwillbeonTVtonight.A.needn'tgoB.hadbetternotgoC.shouldnotgoD.needn'thavegone『正确答案』D5.We____theletteryesterday,butitdidn'tarrive.A.mustreceiveB.oughttoreceiveC.musthavereceivedD.oughttohavereceived『正确答案』D第三章虚拟语气本讲内容·虚拟语气的考查重点·虚拟语气的答题技巧第12页一、虚拟语气的考试重点1.条件句中的虚拟语气·条件句中和过去事实相反的虚拟语气[例题]Ifabettermaterial,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.（1992.6）A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using『正确答案』A[例题]Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildrenoutforawalk.（2001.6）A.hadgoneB.couldhavegoneC.wouldgoD.went『正确答案』B·省略if的虚拟条件句[例题]youwerebusy,Iwouldn’thavebotheredyouwithmyquestion.（1996.6）A.IfIrealizedB.HadIrealizedC.DidIrealizethatD.AsIrealized第13页『正确答案』B·错综时间虚拟条件句[例题]IfIhadn'tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you____now.A.wouldn'tbesmilingB.couldn'thavesmiledC.won'tsmileD.didn'tsmile『正确答案』A·含蓄虚拟条件句（with/without/butfor/otherwise）[例题]Withoutyourhelp,wesomuch.（199